Examining The Professional Services Firm KMPG Information Technology Essay Essays

Examining The Professional Services Firm KMPG Information Technology Essay Essays Examining The Professional Services Firm KMPG Information Technology Essay Essay Examining The Professional Services Firm KMPG Information Technology Essay Essay Introduction What KPMG Does KPMG is one of the large four professional services houses, consisting 135,000 employees in more than 140 states. Specifically in Australia, there are 4800 people. The construction is organised harmonizing to their three key services: Audit, Tax and Advisory. KPMG prides itself on its cognition of industry, committedness to quality and to its clients, and a civilization of intellectuality, diligence, unity and empathy. ( KPMG 2010 ) What IPCG Does IPCG exists within the domain of Advisory, and beneath that, the Internal Audit, Risk A ; Control Services group ( IARCS ) . Its chief intent is driven by the clear demand by package companies to protect their bottom line. Research conducted by International Data Corporation ( IDC ) in 2005 concluded that the universe s package companies were losing USD34 billion in gross to unaccredited installings ( KPMG Intranet ) . The chief issue is that content distributers are supplying an intangible good that contains rational belongings, and for which they are entitled to royalties. However, the distribution frequently relies on good religion of the self-reporting of a company s package deployment. The easiness with which buccaneering can be undertaken unnoticed consequences in a demand to hold a systematic auditing procedure of licencing versus deployment to guarantee right conformity, and to guarantee that any disagreements are remedied financially. The state of affairs is rendered more hard since most companies, despite their good purposes, are non savvy with the regulations and models associated with rational belongings ( IP ) , do non to the full understand their licensing entitlements, and may hold haphazard IT substructure, i.e. developing SAM. KPMG s occupation is to set about audits of a client s package on behalf of their clients, and to make so in a timely and accurate manner, while keeping a positive relationship with all parties involved. It is beguiling the balance between clip efficiency and truth that is a cardinal concern of KPMG, but besides one in which it has a comparative competitory advantage. KPMG is besides embarking further into the kingdom of SAM as a related and valuable extension of its current auditing activities. Models 1. Information Systems Success Model ( DeLone A ; McLean, 2003 ) Overview The DeLone A ; McLean theoretical account was foremost proposed in 1992, but updated in 2003, as a manner of explicating IS success , and deriving a better apprehension of the value and efficaciousness of IS direction actions and IS investings ( DeLone A ; McLean 2003, p.10 ) . By 2003 the theoretical account had been referenced in over 300 journal articles, frequently in a really positive visible radiation. Its popularity might be attributable to its theoretical and empirical foundation, its simpleness and pertinence to a assortment of state of affairss, and its ability to synthesise old research affecting IS success ( DeLone A ; McLean 2003, p.10 ) . The theoretical account is a consecutive theoretical account which implies that the first three factors of information quality, system quality and service quality straight lead to the usage of ( or purpose to utilize ) the IS in add-on to user satisfaction, and that this in bend leads to a net benefit ( Klobas A ; McGill 2010, p.116 ) . That is, for an IS to be successful, it relies on high quality end products ; accordingly this will take to utilize of the system, which in bend provides benefits and therefore user satisfaction. This satisfaction so encourages further usage of the system. The deduction is that if any of the end products are of a low criterion, so the system will either non be utilized, or non supply the needed benefits. In the specific context of a communicating flow, DeLone and McLean define systems quality as the truth and efficiency of the communicating system that produces information ; information quality as the success of the information in conveying the intended significance ; and user satisfaction as the consequence of the information on the receiving system . Service quality is kindred to a client service or CRM factor. ( Delone A ; McLean 1992, p.61 ) Application to KPMG ( Critique ) In the context of KPMG s Internal Audit, Risk and Control Services ( IARCS ) , and specifically the Intellectual Property A ; Contract Governance group ( IPCG ) , the theoretical account can supply a many-sided penetration into bettering both employee and client satisfaction, and besides assist streamline procedures to increase efficiency. Information System: One of the major information flows in IPCG is that which goes from the client to the KPMG audit squad. Specifically, the information system is any manual ( e.g. walkabout ) or computerised procedure ( e.g. batch books ) which are utilized to find the use of licensable package on all machines ( physical and practical waiters, workstations and other devices ) , and so comparing that with that client s entitlement to that use as governed by purchased licences. The generalized procedure is illustrated in the diagram below, along with really approximative clip frames: The process of pull outing and scrutinizing information from a given client is alone, but by and large follows the above stairss. A cardinal concern in heightening efficiency is finding where the constrictions occur. The procedures which are highlighted in the above figure by and large pose a greater chance of hold, as normally these stairss are contingent on a client s actions. This is because these actions are by and large non at the top of a client s precedence list. The DeLone A ; McLean theoretical account says that for this IS to be successful, the information and the procedures must be of sufficient quality so that the terminal merchandise is utilized and good. It is contended that KPMG has had comparative success in the country of IPCG, as it represents a cardinal participant in the Australian market, and has experienced consistent and strong growing in grosss. The chief purpose is whether the DeLone and McLean theoretical account, as applied to KPMG, can explicate the IPCG group s success, and besides account for any skips. The chief IS we are analyzing is the initial informations extraction. Information Quality: the IS Success Model contends that an IS must be successful at conveying a significance ; i.e. that an IS s end product is of necessity, accurate quality. At the really nucleus of the IPCG s activities is the bite of information in the signifier of an Effective License Position study. It is the truth and seasonableness of this study that gives KPMG its competitory advantage. A major hurdle for IPCG is the heavy trust on manual procedures at all phases of the procedure, specifically in the informations aggregation and informations analysis phases. Manual procedures can take to human mistake, and therefore cut down informations unity. This is of peculiar concern here since a client s satisfaction is straight linked to the truth of the informations so KPMG s findings straight correspond to restitution sought by the client from the client. The issue is complicated by the fact that find of information, in the signifier of a client s purchases and use of package, requ ires important cooperation from the client. Furthermore, there is a basic demand to understand a client s IT substructure, and surprisingly sometimes even the clients do nt to the full understand all facets of it. Hence the trust on manual process and the dependance on a knowing and antiphonal client both influence the end product of the quality of information that is extracted. System Quality: the IS Success theoretical account besides emphasises that an IS should bring forth its end product expeditiously. In IPCG this country has been noted as being a defect of the information system, and action has been taken to heighten its effectivity. Within the last 18 months, there has been a realization of the overdependence on manual procedures that are susceptible to monotony, incompatibility and human mistake. This is due to the differing systems adopted by cardinal clients which become hard to consolidate, and the deficiency of mechanization of both the aggregation and analysis of client informations. This means that the production rate of studies is greatly lower than some of its abroad challengers. Nevertheless, KPMG Australia provides a value-add that is attractive to its local clients, for case through its fosterage of client relationship direction. Specifically, KPMG has hired a proficient specializer who intends to integrate engineering in order to streamline procedures. There are four chief proposals: foremost to roll up, create and polish batch books, which are powerful and adaptable to different IT infrastructures. Improvement is still possible because the batches are non available for all plans and/or IT setups ; they need to be editable, but the staff here do non hold expertness in programming. Second, there will be creative activity of tools that automate the analysis of informations which is extracted by the batch books. The purpose is to hold sophisticated tools with a grade of intelligence, which will ensue in a decrease of rhythm times and mistakes in analysis. For case, a typical mistake may affect the definition of cores and processors , a confusing differentiation that is frequently inconsistently applied among clients. Third, a trial waiter will be installed in order to host databases and act as a trial Centre for these new books. Finally, there is an purpose to document all communications in an organized construction, so that any disagreements between KPMG and clients ( e.g. when perceptual experiences change ) can be corrected more rapidly. Finally, direction has considered but non yet implemented a database system to assist with both capacity direction, and to place chances and hazard early on. It will besides help with informations mining for new SAM chances, and as such represents a value-add for KPMG. This will assist help the seasonableness and truth of ELP studies. Service Quality: To supply the topmost service, KPMG s staff demand to be familiar with the different package applications clients are using. This is because they need to clearly understand both how use is defined, and how to deduce and construe the use figures. As such, the thought of merchandise title-holders has been implemented to guarantee that there will be merchandise specializers who can portion their cognition with other staff when they have any questions. Second, KPMG has had a great grade of success because its client relationship direction is seen as paramount. Indeed, their ability to make and keep strong links with their clients is an of import component of their competitory advantage. The IPCG group has maintained this CRM by keeping knowledge-sharing Sessionss to discourse pertinent issues ; KPMG issues white documents to show and portion thoughts for free ; and twice a twelvemonth they hold a common feedback session to supply honest feedback to each other. Management has besides noted the demand in all client battles to supply a high quality service by: responding rapidly ; expecting jobs proactively ; and listening intently to them ( beyond what they re stating, e.g. the tone of their communicating ) . Finding The IS success theoretical account is a utile theoretical account in that it can be applied to assorted scenarios, and besides since it goes to the nucleus of what makes an effectual information system. One of the chief IS in the IPCG group is the extraction of informations from the client. Equally long as the end product is of a high quality, and that the procedure is streamlined, and every bit significantly that KPMG is happy with the end product of the IS, so by deduction the IS must be a successful 1. The theoretical account s strength is that it encompasses both the proficient and human elements of an IS. In the context of KPMG the use factor was non relevant. Possibly the lone downside of the theoretical account is that it does non order the ways in which to accomplish greater truth or efficiency, but making so would decrease the theoretical account s generalization. Iivari ( 2005 ) through empirical observation tested the DeLone A ; McLean theoretical account, and his consequences back up the rationality of the DeLone-McLean theoretical account as a prognostic theoretical account , but besides with the caution that users of IS may be satisfied but non really utilize the IS ( p.16 ) . This unfavorable judgment is non relevant to the IPCG, since its information systems are an indispensable portion of the scrutinizing procedure, and the inquiry is how to guarantee that they are efficient. Iivari besides discusses the ambiguity environing the construct of user satisfaction ( p.18 ) . This lone agreements with the IPCG experiences in that there is trouble in quantifying satisfaction with information systems into a individual metric. However, the factor remains polar to the IS Success theoretical account, both in the sense that it must be met in order to accomplish a successful result, and besides that a strong IS has a high likeliness of taking to satisfaction. Indeed the consequences of Iivari s empirical survey show that perceived system quality and perceived information quality are important forecasters of user satisfaction ( p.8 ) . 2. Implementing Strategic Decisions Model ( Miller, 1997 ) Overview Miller ( 1997 ) elucidates the key factors which determine an effectual execution of a strategic determination. Her attack is to analyze 11 alteration enterprises across six entities, and specifically to rank these alteration executions, so that she can place the chief factors lending to execution success. There is a differentiation made between realizers and enablers . Realizers are the four key factors which are deemed most of import when it comes to alter direction, viz. : backup, clear purpose ( assessability ) , be aftering ( specificity ) and conductive clime ( cultural receptiveness ) . Enablers are merely factors which allow for possible execution success, but are non claimed to be decisive factors. These are summarised as: acquaintance, precedence, resource handiness, structural facilitation and flexibleness. Miller believes that all these factors would use to any alteration execution regardless of the industry or ownership of the house. Miller s first measure is to specify what a successful execution entails. There are three cardinal elements which are discussed: completion, accomplishment A ; acceptableness. Completion means the grade to which everything intended to be done, is done, within the expected clip period ; achievement signifies the grade to which what was done performs as intended ; acceptableness is the grade to which the method of execution and results are satisfactory to those involved in, or affected by, execution . The statement is that a failure in any of these countries will sabotage the success of the venture. Application to KPMG ( Critique ) The IARCS group within KPMG assists clients to place hazards that may endanger their ability to accomplish concern goalsaˆÂ ¦ manage those hazards and finally better the administration s public presentation ( KPMG intranet ) . IPCG is a group within IARCS that specifically assists clients prevent gross escape and protect rational belongings where the client has third-party relationships governed by an understanding . It is clear that an aim of KPMG is a committedness to the client. Hence bettering the efficiency and truth of their auditing activities would accomplish a win-win for both KPMG and their clients. The IPCG group has two cardinal clients with which it has formed extended relationships. As such, it is indispensable that these relationships be maintained, due to the big volume of work which they provide when it comes to scrutinizing their legion clients. In fact the gross from IPCG group entirely accounts for about tierce of the IARCS entire gross watercourse. However there are some cardinal defects which are doing inefficiencies of the scrutinizing procedure as compared to some other houses. As such, direction has recognised a demand to implement alteration to guarantee that KPMG can remain at the head of package licencing audits in Australia, the human dynamo of IPCG, and remain in front of its challengers. This is where the Miller theoretical account becomes relevant working out whether the proposed alterations have had/will continue to hold their intended effect of streamlining and cut downing mistake. Some of the proposed alterations to the IPCG that have been put frontward by direction were initiated 18 months ago. The overall program is to duplicate the group s gross within 5 old ages, and this requires an one-year return of about 30 % p.a. In order to accomplish this, direction s proposals have included: rotary motion of staff between clients in order to portion cognition and resources ; standardizing procedures ; mechanization of procedures to replace manual labor which is susceptible to human mistake ; proviso of common feedback with clients ; furthering those client relationships to larn about information and chances ; happening new clients ; sharing cognition with the planetary KPMG work force ; and distributing out into new and moneymaking concern chances such as SAM and Digital Rights Management ( DRM ) . These alterations appear strong on paper, but how efficaciously these schemes are implemented will be the cardinal determiner of their success. Backing At KPMG, betterment is decidedly at the head of the heads of spouses and directors likewise. Miller emphasises the demand for go oning supportaˆÂ ¦ from those who authorize what goes on every bit good as support from those required to implement the alterations . KPMG has legion meetings, for case monthly workgroup meetings, hebdomadal squad meetings and Knowledge Inc. At these meetings people of all degrees of the administration are given the ability to voice their sentiment, and inquire for elucidation about any proposed alterations. The usual docket at these meetings is how KPMG can better its procedures. At team meetings, directors guarantee that the allotment of undertakings is just and sensible. At workgroup meetings, directors frequently discuss ways that employees can ease procedures and besides portion their expertness so that both employees and directors can accomplish their purposes in a more timely and accurate mode. At Knowledge Inc, advanced thoughts are communica ted between workgroups, and big wins and strong public presentation are congratulated. It is clear that at all degrees invention and alteration is encouraged and discussed often. Clear purposes This inquiry relates to the grade to which the success of execution can be evaluated with preciseness . How will KPMG cognize that it has achieved its cardinal execution aims? The use of splashboard prosodies is one cardinal manner that KPMG ensures procedures are on path, and these are distributed to all the workers in IARCS. These prosodies cover steps such as mean cured rate, realization, productiveness, lockup yearss A ; FTE among others. Attach toing these prosodies is how the figures compare with marks associated with the alteration mechanism. Besides, all persons have semi-annual advancement reappraisals with their directors to guarantee the formation of ends and supervising whether employees are on path to run into this ends. These aims are by and large tied to betterment at a personal degree, and there is a peculiar accent on the taking up of relevant preparation plans ( e.g. a Chartered Accountant making ) . Planing Miller argues that a scheme execution will by and large merely be successful if precise inside informations of execution undertakings and activities are determined early on. One strength of the KPMG scheme is that talk about betterment is non given from a strictly theoretical point of position. Rather, there is a clear deputation of new undertakings to all employees which aim to accomplish the specific aim of heightening efficiency. One illustration is the execution of budget preparation i.e. learning senior advisors how to budget their undertakings harmonizing to clip and cost. This is meant to guarantee answerability, consciousness of new jobs early, cut down ambiguity and enhance capacity direction. Senior advisors were given a specific spreadsheet, every bit good as a elaborate account of how the spreadsheet should be completed, to guarantee they are filled out in an accurate mode in order to help direction. Another illustration of a specific execution program is the proposed new cardinal cognition database, which is a depository of what every employee has worked on, is presently involved in, and pertinent information about clients ( including history of interactions with KPMG ) . A director is meant to be able to look at the database and see where the strain and handiness lies i.e. a speedy position of the large image. Finally, the database is meant to be utilised for informations excavation intents specifically to seek for SAM chances, i.e. the country that IPCG wishes to prosecute. Clarizen has been selected as a tool to precisely accomplish this intent, although its execution has been delayed. Finally, late the thought of merchandise title-holders has been proposed and implemented in the IARCS group as a agency of harvesting the benefits of specialization. Basically, expertness in each of the client s merchandises is a fillip when it comes to scrutinizing clients, since these client meetings may affect proficient slang which must be understood to ease the procedure and demonstrate experience. However, to distribute out the work, it has been proposed that brace of employees can specialize in each merchandise and be the mention point for all future questions. Each brace was delegated the undertaking of composing a five page study refering to issues associating to each merchandise, what it does, how it is licensed and so forth. They will besides be asked to give presentations to the IPCG group. As such this alteration promises success because it is clear to each employee what is required, and it has been punctually carried out because it is for their ain common benefit when interacting with their several clients. Conducive Climate KPMG Australia is per se tied to other planetary subordinates through the Project Management Office online forum. This forum facilitates sharing of tools and cognition in order to heighten efficiency and truth. For case KPMG in Denmark are seen as being at the head of bring forthing batch books which automate the licence scrutinizing procedure. There is besides a dedicated employee who actively travels to different KPMG offices globally in order to better understand their procedures, and expression for cagey solutions to the efficiency issue. Hence the KPMG clime is really contributing to implementing alteration in KPMG as different offices have solutions which can be shared with all other offices and readily accessed, in bend helping employees to be more efficient. Finding Miller s theoretical account seems to thoroughly encompass viing factors which explain effectual alteration direction. Her list of realisers decidedly agreements with observations in the IPCG group. However, Miller expounds upon the fact that her research is limited to more disconnected alteration enterprises, as it is technically hard to analyze its pertinence to more progressive alterations. The trouble is that the prevailing big alterations within the IPCG group have by and large non been disconnected. At KPMG there is a calculated ground for this, viz. a belief that excessively much alteration might hold a damaging impact on employee public assistance whereby they are more likely to be afraid, unsure and unmotivated. As such by sing the alterations at KPMG, anecdotal grounds is provided as to whether Miller s or other factors are more polar in elusive alteration execution. One component that Miller s theoretical account does nt underscore is that people are the polar dimension when it comes to alter. For case Eaton ( 2010 ) explains that betterment is more about people than about the procedure and that persons will be believing at every phase about what is in it for them ( p.31 ) . The nature of KPMG s work is that about all the value of the company is derived from its people. People facilitate alteration, but people are besides the biggest hindrance to alter enterprises. Eaton provides four issues which complicate execution: ignorance, lassitude, commissions and inflexibleness. As an exemplifying illustration of this at KPMG, during the Global Financial Crisis the ICPG group was at the same time undergoing its ain emphasiss. As it began to implement stairss to counter the recession, there was at the same time an undermanning at the director and in-charge degrees. Consequently junior staff were required to set about some of the directors duties. This led to a job in that the junior staff believed that their proficient cognition exceeded that of direction, and that they could easy take on managerial duties. Lines became bleary, and therefore they became disenchanted and sought publicity. However, they could non see the array of other duties that direction entailed, and debates grew heated. Some people were laid away to rectify the state of affairs. Kotter ( 2007 ) besides proposes surrogate factors which he believes important when it comes to alter execution. He proposes seven cardinal stairss, but basically they converge on pass oning a vision with a sense of urgency. Miller references precedence, but suggests that it is merely an enabler ; she mentions specificity as connoting the demand for good communicating. Kotter nevertheless suggests that communicating is non merely of import for the intent of lucidity and apprehension, but besides motive in the more successful instances I have witnessed, an person or group ever facilitates a blunt treatment of potentially unpleasant facts , even if they artificially manufactured a crisis . He besides says the vision works best if it is easy to pass on and entreaties to [ all stakeholders ] . Maurer ( 2009, p.29 ) besides attests to the demand for an effectual leader who ensures clear ends, communicates each member s functions, Fosters cooperation and dainties all reasonably. At KPMG, the execution of alteration resides someplace in the center of Miller and Kotter s theoretical accounts. On the one manus, alteration is nt every bit ingrained in every piece of communicating and action as Kotter would propose. This may be because it could be perceived as overbearing. On the other manus, occupation descriptions, public presentation assessments and group meetings all emphasise the demand to turn, better and introduce. This is reinforced by KPMG s big aggregation of preparation plans which are available to all employees who would materially profit from it. This attack works at KPMG because the purpose is to hold a more elusive alteration a realization that the employee must actively recognize and move in conformity with the alteration enterprises, but non be so overburdened by its demands that they lose motive. I believe this mix to be more effectual than the rigorous Kotter or Miller theoretical accounts in the context that KPMG finds itself in. Their impres sive and consistent grosss attest to this fact. 3.Six Sigma Overview The Six Sigma theoretical account falls within the Entire Quality Management ( TQM ) subject. Moosa A ; Sajid ( 2010 ) say that TQM purposes to specify, put, control and better the effectivity of an administration within its restraints ( 2010, p.745 ) . They describe how the subject has changed over the last 60 old ages to integrate measurement, control and betterment in all sections in all types of houses . Any corporation that is utilising TQM is basically utilizing the doctrine of standardization, client satisfaction and continual betterment . Six Sigma represents the newest theoretical account to use TQM to an administration. Six Sigma is specifically defined as a methodological analysis for prosecuting uninterrupted betterment in client satisfaction and net income that goes beyond defect decrease and emphasizes concern procedure betterment in general . Obviously at its nucleus the theoretical account prioritises the minimization of mistakes in the proviso of a service or good, but it besides incorporates the accomplishment of consistent additions in procedure efficiencies at all degrees of the administration, predictability and statistical measuring. Goh ( 2010 ) describes some of the cardinal strengths and failings of the Six Sigma theoretical account. First, the theoretical account requires a common, realistic metric for quality appraisal and betterment . In fabrication sectors, this might be a defects per million chances , but in service proviso a better step may be the critical-to-quality measuring. Yun A ; Chun ( 2008 ) explain that CTQ steps may incorporate prosodies refering to upper and lower specification bounds , and run intoing clients functional demands. Once it is recognised that defects have arisen, there is a systematic procedure associated with Six Sigma called DMAIC, in order to cut down defects to an acceptable degree. DMAIC is an acronym for Define, Measure, Analyse, Improve A ; Control. DMAIC is of import as service quality that consequences in client satisfactionaˆÂ ¦ leads to making loyal clients ; it besides costs a batch more to pull a new client than to retain an old client ( Kumar et al. 2009 ) . Application to KPMG ( Critique ) Define: The procedure in demand of betterment is identified ( Kumar et al. 2009 ) . The job needs to be quantified in a mensurable statistic. For case in the instance of KPMG that could be clip to finish an audit from start to complete, but this would hold to be complemented with a step for audit quality. Other of import results from the procedure would be heightening and keeping strong client and client relationships following each audit. Measure: As is apparent, summarizing an inherently complex procedure into a individual figure may represent an simplism, yet would besides be good in tracking betterments and flagging jobs rapidly. Time is evidently a reasonably easy metric that can be utilised, although a complication is that client holds outside of KPMG s control could skew it as a step. Nevertheless IPCG is rather effectual at maintaining path of each outstanding client, and holds are rapidly resolved or escalated to their clients. Measuring quality, nevertheless, is hard. One informal manner is to estimate client and client feedback, which occurs at KPMG in the signifier of one-year tiffins. Possibly they could besides implement the usage of studies and questionnaires following audits. Analyse: The strict usage of budgets to account for both cost and clip outgos is used in IPCG to guarantee that audits are completed in an acceptable manner. Meetings are held on a regular basis to guarantee that audit procedures are being conducted swimmingly. Key issues are raised in hebdomadal squad meetings, and most of the clip holds are caused by client armed robberies, non inefficiencies in IPCG s direction. IPCG are required to reach a client legion times before the issue is escalated to the client. Better: Get the better ofing the holds associated with client armed robberies is hard, as it is contingent on activities outside KPMG s control. Customers can besides be rather restrictive in footings of how an audit will be conducted, for case necessitating minimum obstructor to the conducting of concern, being excessively concerned about privateness, and by and large being hard. However, what KPMG can make is further its relationships with its clients to guarantee that their activities become a more important precedence to its clients. Besides, holding a greater presence on-site can assist further these client relationships, both by heightening societal acquaintance but besides acquiring to understand the elaboratenesss of the client s IT substructure, SAM, and package deployment protocols. It is besides important that KPMG establishes a repute of being sensitive to a client s demands, as they may non openly portion these but merely allude to them. Control: Long-run CRM helps guarantee that clients are more antiphonal to IPCG s petitions for informations aggregation. Time delays within IPCG are remedied through increased staff, preparation, squad experience, and the development of machine-controlled batch books to simplify and speed up the procedure. Finding The Six Sigma theoretical account has the needed generalization to be applicable to legion industries, including the service industry. However, coming up with quantifiable statistics for what is a complex and alone procedure is the most hard portion. Besides, the theoretical account does nt give adequate attending to the importance of non merely accomplishing production rapidly and accurately, but besides doing certain that all parties involved are content with the procedure and its results. Decision This study has examined three separate theoretical accounts from the Information Systems and Management and Business academe. All of the theoretical accounts have provided penetration into the success of KPMG s IPCG group, both in explicating grounds for success every bit good as bespeaking ways in which processes can go even more streamlined, accurate and acceptable.