The eNotes Blog 6 Southern Gothic Literature Recommendations for YourClassroom

6 Southern Gothic Literature Recommendations for YourClassroom The absolute most significant issues to be tended to in today’s study halls incorporate bigotry and sex value yet they’re additionally probably the most scary points for educators to handle. Fortunately, Southern gothic writing manages these thoughts head on. This subgenre features the difference between admired thoughts of the before the war South and the real factors of servitude, prejudice, and man centric society that existed all through the period. In increasingly contemporary terms, the class tends to the complexity between the American Dream and the real factors experienced by numerous ethnic minorities, ladies, and low-pay Americans. Southern gothic writing tends to these themes through moderately basic scholarly gadgets portrayal and setting. Characters offer voice to the awful, transgressive, silly, or in any case no-no motivations that exist inside the American zeitgeist. These attributes are frequently communicated obviously through discourse or inside monolog, or externalized through physical variations from the norm. So also, setting additionally underscores American social elements. Southern gothic writing is regularly set in the American South, highlighting rotting manors, towns that never recouped from the Civil War, and additionally character’s who keep up their prevalence while living in bedraggled conditions. For some understudies, Harper Lee’s To Kill a Mockingbird is their first prologue to the class. Characters, for example, Boo Radley and Tom Robinson epitomize the manner in which Southern Gothic writing externalizes a character’s inward and social clashes. So also, Bob Ewell’s bigot predominance, compared with his own oppressed way of life, is an exemplary case of how the class utilizes setting to create social subjects. By concentrating how portrayal and setting are conveyed inside Southern Gothic writing, educators can guide and mentor their understudies through a conversation with respect to how the injuries of US history sway the individuals living in that. Let’s investigate some different instances of Southern Gothic writing that you can use in your homeroom today: Twentieth Century Greats William Faulkner Victor of the 1950 Nobel Prize, Faulkner is the author most usually connected with Southern Gothic writing. Most of Faulkner’s ouvre is set in the anecdotal Yoknapatawpha County, the site of a Civil War misfortune and the home of a network dealing with its horrendous past. Think about perusing: The Sound and the Fury,â 326 pages Absalom! Absalom!,â 320 pages As I Lay Dying, 288 pages â€Å"A Rose for Emily†, 36 pagesâ Zora Neale Hurston Hurston was conceived in Alabama, brought up in Florida, and moved to New York to be praised as an author and anthropologist inside the Harlem Renaissance. Her group of work, comprising of fiction, true to life, and theater, is known especially for its mind and sentiment. Think about perusing: Their Eyes Were Watching God, 219 pages â€Å"Spunk†, 106 pages Flannery O’Connor O’Connor is the essayist most usually connected with the bizarre parts of Southern Gothic composition. In her article â€Å"Some Aspects of the Grotesque in Southern Fiction,† O’Connor contends that Southern Gothic composing is liberated from ideas of respectfulness and consideration that can restrict literature’s capacity to pass on the real world. Think about perusing: â€Å"A Good Man is Hard to Find†, 190 pages â€Å"Everything that Rises Must Converge†, 25 pages Insightful Blood, 256 pages Richard Wright  Born on a manor in 1908, Wright is known for trading the powerful parts of Southern Gothic writing for the determined real factors of life for African Americans in the Jim Crow South. Think about perusing: Dark Boy, 419 pages Local Son, 504 pages â€Å"Fire and Cloud†, â€Å"Long Black Song† â€Å"The Ethics of Living Jim Crow† Contemporary Writers to Watch Toni Morrison The principal African American lady to ever acknowledge a Nobel Prize, many believe Morrison to be the peak of contemporary Southern Gothic composition. Known for being unmistakable and melodic, Morrison avoids any utilization of language that endeavors to darken the truth of life in America. Think about perusing: The Bluest Eye,â 216 pages Darling, 324 pages Tune of Solomon,â 337 The Source of Self Regard, 354 pages Jesmyn Ward Conceived in Mississippi in 1977, Ward has just earned two National Book Awards and a MacArthur Genius Grant, among numerous different renowned honors. In spite of the fact that her work is frequently ordered as Young Adult, it investigates the securities that exist inside disappointed African American people group in the contemporary American South. Think about perusing: Rescue the Bones, 261 pages Sing, Unburied, Sing, 285 pages

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Credit repair scam threatened with shut-down and fined - Inside Subprime 8/31/2017 Credit repair scam threatened with shut-down and fined $150,000 Credit repair scam threatened with shut-down and fined $150,000Inside Subprime: August 31, 2017By Caroline ThompsonThe Consumer Financial Protection Bureau filed a judgment in federal court yesterday to resolve a lawsuit against Prime Market Holdings, LLC, a Delaware-based credit repair company with offices in California.The lawsuit, originally filed in September 2016, accused Prime Market Holdings of illegal credit repair practices, like charging unlawful advance fees and misleading customers about both the effectiveness and the price of their services. The  company also misinformed customers about its money-back guarantee, which had many strict limitations.In addition to proposing that Prime Market Holdings be permanently  banned from doing business in the credit repair industry, the CFPB is also ordering  the company pay a $150,000 civil money penalty.“Today we are taking action to shut down a company that deceived consumers into paying for credit repair services that did not li ve up to the company’s promises,” said CFPB Director Richard Cordray yesterday. “We remain committed to taking action against companies that mislead consumers into paying illegal fees with false promises.”The CFPB judgment is only a proposal, so it still needs to be approved by a federal judge before it can be implemented. But historically, CFPB judgments of this nature have gone through. According to a CFPB press release:On June 27, 2017, the Bureau filed two related complaints against Commercial Credit Consultants, Prime Credit, IMC Capital, Blake Johnson, Eric Schlegel, Park View Law and Arthur Barens. Park View Law and Arthur Barens partnered with Prime Marketing Holdings from September 2014 to June 2015. Those two complaints alleged unlawful conduct very similar to the conduct alleged here. On the same day, the Bureau and those defendants filed proposed settlements to resolve those suits. Those settlements have both been approved.Between October 1, 2014 and June 30, 201 7, Prime Market Holdings charged more then 50,000 customers in excess of $20 million for their credit repair services.To learn how to repair your credit without paying a shady company to do it for you, check out our blog post on when to try credit counseling, and take a tour through our recent eBook  that lays out the basics of all things credit.  Visit  OppLoans  on  YouTube  |  Facebook  |  Twitter  |  LinkedIn

The Destruction Of The Monarchy During The French Revolution

The destruction of the monarchy during the French Revolution symbolized the Enlightened opinion that people shared fundamental rights. Questions about what it truly meant to be a citizen, especially in respect to political responsibilities such as voting and holding offices, were passionately contemplated and defined. However, prejudices quickly created controversies over whom, exactly, these rights and privileges belonged to. Craftily referred to as â€Å"citizenesses†, women were one such deliberated group during the French Revolution. In an era when absolute religious rule was renounced, opposing opinions tried to justify the inclusion or exclusion of women in this civil rights revolution using their own interpretation of what â€Å"nature† intended. After the collapse of a monarchy, which was so closely tied to the Catholic Church, the revolutionary government was adamant to isolate itself from religious influence. A new calendar system was put into place, which rejected the traditional religious holidays and eliminated the biblical seven-day week and Sunday Sabbath (1793 Republican Calendar, p.1-2). Instead, a new emphasis and respect was attributed to nature. For example, the months in the Republican calendar were named for seasonal and agricultural phenomenon such as â€Å"Vendemiaire†, translated to â€Å"Harvest†, and â€Å"Brumaire†, â€Å"Fog† (1793 Republican Calendar, p.2). Nature also played an important role in peoples’ understanding of human rights. In the Declaration of theShow MoreRelatedComparative Essay On The American And French Revolutions1486 Words   |  6 Pages3.1 Short Paper: Comparative Essay on the American and French Revolutions 1.) Why does the United States come out its revolution with a republic instead of a monarchy? Why do the French wind up with an Emperor Napoleon but the United States does not have a King George of the House of Washington? There are moments in our history where the citizens of the world stand up and for their beliefs, their honor, and themselves. They come together to reform the existing government that is holding themRead MoreWas The French Nobility Responsible For The Crisis That Destroyed The Ancien Regime?1627 Words   |  7 Pagesthe French nobility responsible for the crisis that destroyed the ancien regime? Many Historians have come to the decisive conclusion that the French Revolution, an event that characterises Modern European History, has changed Europe. It was a time period that took place prior to the rise of Napoleon Bonaparte, between 1789 and the late 1970s. it denotes a time period in which the French civilians were aroused unanimously in overturning the traditionalistic â€Å"institutions† such as the monarchy andRead MoreArtistic Revolution : David Delacroix731 Words   |  3 Pages Many attribute the evolution of the French revolution as the catalyst for redirection of the style of artwork from Baroque and Rococo to Neoclassical and Romanticism. Two leading masterpieces that support this aspect are respectively: Jacques-Louis David, Oath of the Horatii, (c. 1784) and Eugà ¨ne Delacroix, Liberty Leading the People, (c. 1830). As commented in Essential Humanities (2016), the French revolution â€Å"in all its heroic glory and grisly destruction† (par. 10) is masterfully portrayed inRead MoreThe French Revolution And The American Revolution1254 Words   |  6 PagesThe French Revolution was an influential period of social and political upheaval in France that lasted from 1789 until 1799, and was partially carried forward by Napoleon during the later expansion of the French Empire. The Revolution overthrew the monarchy, established a republic, experienced violent periods of political turmoil, and finally culminated in a dictatorship by Napoleon that rapidly brought many of its principles to Western Europe and beyond. Inspired by liberal and radical ideas, theRead MoreNapoleon timeline Essay1026 Words   |  5 PagesFrench Revolution and Napoleonic Era Worksheet HIS/114 Version 3 1 University of Phoenix Material French Revolution and Napoleonic Era Worksheet 1. Essay Explain, in 1,050 to 1,400 words, how the following ideas and ideals influenced the events and motivated the participants in the French Revolution: †¢ Liberty †¢ Equality †¢ Brotherhood †¢ Hubris †¢ Fiscal irresponsibility †¢ Democracy †¢ Technology †¢ The French Revolution took place between 1789-1799. This war helpedRead MoreThe French Revolution By Edmund Burke Essay1538 Words   |  7 Pagesmoments for human history, the French Revolution transpired amongst a slew of issues which caught France at a point of near destruction. Historians have debated for centuries whether the country has truly benefitted from this ten-year war within itself or the consequences of the bloody revolution, which includes the killing of thousands of people, were actually necessary. 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On July 14, 1789, peasants and soldiers stormed the Bastille and initiated the French Revolution. This essay will analyze the main causes of the French Revolution, specifically, the ineffectiveness of King Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette, the dissatisfaction of the Third Estate, and the Enlightenment. It will also be arguedRead MoreThe Truth About Marie Antoinette1305 Words   |  6 Pagesfist. She was a foreign wife and queen once she married King Louis XVI of France. Throughout her rule over France, Marie Antoinet te was kept under a light of ignorance by the people, and therefore, should not be blamed for their suffering, the French Revolution, and the failures of her husband. She was hated by the people of France the moment she became queen, which ultimately led her to her downfall. Queen Marie Antoinette is known for her infamous quote â€Å"let them eat cake†, in a scandal where sheRead MoreEssay on Use of Terror in the French Revolution 1108 Words   |  5 Pagesradicalization eventually lead to the downfall of Maximilian Robespierre and the Committee of Public Safety. Maximillian Robespierre and the Committee of Public Safety used excessive terror to enforce new revolutionary changes during the French Revolution. After the old French government was overthrown, Maximillian Robespierre took control of France in 1793. Robespierre wanted to change the social and economic structure of France for the better, spreading equality throughout France. Robespierre believed

Essay about The American Civil War - 876 Words

The United States has been involved in many wars throughout history. Americans have fought and died in many wars such as the war for independence in World War I to Desert Storm. One of the bloodiest wars in our nation’s history is without a doubt is the Civil War. Prior to the beginning of the Civil War, the country was divided by the issue of slavery. When President Lincoln was elected to office, several states seceded from the Union. During this war, â€Å"Over six hundred thousand men died, and hundreds of thousands more bore the scars of war.† (Russell Civil War. Encyclopedia of American Studies) The War started in April of 1861, The country expected this war to be brief when the Confederacy only 100 miles away from Washington D.C. in†¦show more content†¦This battle war technically a draw, but was considered a victory by the Union. This gave President Lincoln the opportunity to issue the Emancipation Proclamation, which declared all states in rebellion would lose all of their slaves. In the eyes of many, The Emancipation Proclamation gave the Union a new reason to fight, the freedom of slaves. In the beginning, Union Soldiers did not want African Americas to serve in the Army. â€Å"After the second Confiscation Act, Union generals formed black regiments in New Orleans and on the Sea Island off the coast of South Carolina and Georgia† (The Enduring Vision 499). Without these black soldiers, President Lincoln believed the War would not last long. â€Å"By the spring of 1865, nearly 200,00 African Americans were serving with the Union.†( WK_16 Civil War Reconstruction PowerPoint slide 6) This was due to the increase the rising numbers of freed black slaves and the falling numbers of white volunteers. One of the most important battles won by the Union, was the Battle of Gettysburg, which took place from July 1st to July 3rd 1863. This battle is considered to be the turning point of the war. During this battle, the South wanted to collect supplies and move battles away from Virginia, which was heavily damaged due to the war. At first, it seemed the South had the advantage over the Union when Northern troops were driven back to Cemetery Hill. The SouthShow MoreRelatedAmerican War And The American Civil War1551 Words   |  7 Pageswhich then caused the Southern states of America to decide to leave the American Union and create their own Southern Confederacy. This tore our nation apart. The American Civil War had begun and the very people that were once neighbors had each other’s blood on their hands. Many American lives had been lost. The American lives lost in the Civil War even exceeded the number of American lives lost during World War I and World War II. We were divided. The North wanted to reunite with the southern statesRead MoreThe War Of The American Civil War1376 Words   |  6 PagesThe American Civil War was arguably the most important war in the history of the country. The War of Independence may have allowed American to become its’ own country, but the Civil War resulted in something even more important than that, the end of slavery in the southern states. All of the issues that caused the Civil war were based around slavery, such as states’ rights that involved how slavery would be handled in each state, and trying to preserve the Union since the south seceded from the northRead MoreThe American Civil War1296 Words   |  6 Pages The American Civil War, also known as the State’s War, was a conflict that arose mostly from the issue of slavery, but deep down was due to economic differences between the North and the South. The South seceded from the North and created their own self-government due to their belief in th e lack of state’s rights versus the federal government and what they saw as a weakness in the Articles of Confederation. While the Confederacy of the United States depended on slave labor for their economy in regardsRead MoreThe American Civil War1418 Words   |  6 PagesGuns fired, smoke lingering in the air, people dying. The American Civil War had a huge impact on the United States. Two compromises took place before the start of the Civil War. These compromises include the Missouri Compromise and the Compromise of 1850. The Missouri Compromise dealt with the crisis in 1819 over Missouri entering the Union as a slave state. The compromise was â€Å"the first major crisis over slavery, and it shattered a tacit agreement between the two regions that had been in placeRead MoreThe War Of The American Civil War1618 Words   |  7 Pages A Civil War is a battle between the same citizens in a country. The American Civil War was fought from 1861 to 1865 to determine the indepe ndence for the Confederacy or the survival of the Union. By the time Abraham Lincoln was elected president in 1861, in the mist of 34 states, the constant disagreement caused seven Southern slave states to their independence from the United States and formed the Confederate States of America. The Confederacy, generally known as the South, grew to include elevenRead MoreThe War Of The American Civil War1324 Words   |  6 PagesThere were many events that led to the cause of one of America’s most devastating war, the American Civil War. The American Civil War was an unfortunate war that cost more than the lives of six hundred thousand people. Events such as the Missouri Compromise, Kansas Nebraska Act, Dred Scott Decision, and the Election of Abraham Lincoln resulted in the four yearlong battles between the Northern and Southern states due to social and economic differences on the idea of slavery. In the 19th century,Read MoreThe War Of The American Civil War856 Words   |  4 PagesSlavery may have been established as the catalyst of the American Civil War, but the beginning of the dispute began in the time of the Revolution with a weak decentralized government under the Articles of Confederation. Later gained momentum as territorial expansion set Americans against each other on debating whether the new states should be slave states or free states, it questioned the power of the Federal government regarding state rights, and brought about instability in the unity of the UnitedRead MoreThe War Of The American Civil War Essay1472 Words   |  6 PagesThe American Civil War lasted from April 12, 1861 to May 9, 1865. It was the bloodiest war in American history, killing approximately 620,000 soldiers in total. The War was fought and won by the North, ensuring that all the United States would stay united and slavery would be illegal in The United States. However, history is one of the most complicated things in the world. It’s also one of the most important things in the world because history is what made the present possible. Historians have debatedRead MoreThe American Civil War878 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction A civil war is a prolonged high-intensity conflict between people, countries, or parties, which is usually barefaced and armed. Every war has its causes either acceptable or not and some are inevitable. Commonly, civil wars are between countries within a state. It results from one country aiming to make implementations on their governing policies or take control of certain areas within the state. 1Civil War refers to the American Civil War, which took place in the year 1861 to 1865Read MoreThe War Of The American Civil War960 Words   |  4 Pagesslavery even if it meant war caused peace in this nation. Slavery was the vital cause of the American Civil War. The north and the south both had their differences on how to run the country. People in the North believed in unity and that slavery should not exist because â€Å"all men are created equally.† On the other hand, the South believed in continuing slavery. People tried to talk it out and come to a middle ground after both s ides compromising, however that didn’t work and caused war. Ideological differences

Research Report on Reliabilty and Validity

What were the research findings? For analyzing the hypothesis on the effects of stress on the memory of a person it is important to understand the two perspective of hypothesis conducted for completing the research study. It is important to notice that is there any difference on the basis of procedure of conducting the test or on basis of time (Blonna, 2014). For commenting on the reliability and validity of the results of a hypothesis, it is important to understand the difference between the observations from the participants in the interview session. A self assessment test was conducted with about 20 participants and it was found that the response of the participants was different in two different sessions (CAO, LIU, TIAN GUO, 2012). In the first session the participants were full of stress and the memory of the participants did not work that much as compared to the session after the break. It was found from the experiment that the memory of the participants responded more effectively when there is less stress, i .e. after the break. As the participants got time to rest, their mind went through a restoration period and the capacity of their mind to memories the words increased. Hence, it was found from the hypothesis that a human minds works better when the stress level is low (Carmines Zeller, n.d.). What Statistics were included in this section? For conducting the research different types of participants are used, those who faces stress in their daily job. Through the research different types of variables are used that are analyzed to get the outcomes of the research (Franzen, Robbins Sawicki, 1989). These variables are of two types. One is dependent variables and the other is the independent variables. Dependable variables are different from that of independent variables because of their dependency with other variables. The variables that are directly related with stress and memory capacity are dependent variable whereas those variables which are correlated with the other variables are independent variables. Here in this hypothesis, the correlation between the dependent and the independent variables are utilized to get a huge difference in the observation of the hypothesis. These variables are compulsory for conducting a research study. The variables are collected by conducting the interview and self assessment program in which the T-test was done with the use of the variables (Kirk Miller, 1986). The variables collected can be represented in tabular format that will help the researcher in solving the research problems. Here the data that sates that the participant is able to answer how many questions and job of the participant are useful variable that helps to find the outcome of the research. Did the authors report any reliability data for their measures? What were they? Did you note construct validity in this experiment? If so, what type? Yes the author has provided reliability of data because the author has supported the data with a personal interview and self assessment session that proves the reliability of the data collected for analysis in the research study (Aven Heide, 2009). The measurement of number of words remembered by each participants, result for each session, etc. are the examples of reliability of data that is been used in the research study. The hypothesis also shows signs of construct validity because it is conducted on the basis of the personal interview and self assessment of the participants. No external source of data is been used in the hypothesis. Describe the possible research findings and measures that would be used to assess the experimental outcomes. The results from the interview can be used as variables which would help in statistical analysis. Through statistical analysis the finding and measures can be utilized to get the final outcome of the research study (Koc Erdemoglu, 2010). The variables can be used to find the standard deviation to know the difference in the observation of the variables and correlation and regression to know the inter dependency of the variables. From this measures and findings the outcome of the research is obtained that shows the statistical analysis of the data. The statistical data for how many words the student remembers, stress level of the student, etc. helps the researcher to make the statistical analysis with numeric values and this further helps to find the actual outcome of the hypothesis (Sherif, 1987). Define the proposed statistical methods as either descriptive or inferential with a specific example that supports your choice. Here in this hypothesis, descriptive statistical analysis is used to show the results of the findings and measures (Litwin, 1995). The analysis done explains the outcome of the report and provides enough information to know the final outcome of the hypothesis. Hence, the descriptive method is suitable in this hypothesis. This hypothesis generally depends on descriptive analysis therefore a descriptive statistical method is been used in this research study. This shows that the variables used in the hypothesis are reliable and valid because it is supported by a personal interview and self assessment of the participants (Acaroglu, Suhonen, Sendir Kaya, 2010). Discussions After all the research work has been done it can be said that the research findings are certainly supported the hypothesis to a great extent. After thoroughly examined of the research studies one can easily find impact of stress on the memory of human beings. As it is told in the hypothesis human brain can be certainly affected by daily life stress to a huge extent (Schubert, 2009). The memory power can be decreased if the level of stress exerted on brain is increased. For example the persons who have been working regular for about 14 to 18 hours and have lack of sleep can lose the memory power to some of extent. Was the research reliable? Why or why not? The research work which has been done is certainly reliable. As shown in the research work, human brain can react to stress. It can cause shortage of memory to those who are very busy and have lead to live stressed life for their studies or work or for some other reasons. A lot of important statistics can be obtained from this research on this particular subject such as the pattern of the memory shortage of a particular group of people who lead same sort of life and goes through the same amount of pressure. Did the study list any suggestions for improvement and replication? How? Write your answer with examples? Of course, the study indeed listed some suggestions for improvement (Liu Li, 2014). There are more scopes to ensure how human brain acts when it is gone through the stress of some variable levels. This particular study shows that more experiments should be done to determine the stress level of a human brain. It can be elaborated through the following examples. A discussion of any potential ethical concerns related to the experiment design. This type of experiments should be done more and more on different type of people to understand the different reaction of human brains in different circumstances. That should enlarge the information about the behavior of human brain and the whole society should be benefited from this (Patchen, 1965). To avoid any potential ethical concerns the experiments should be monitored very carefully and one has to make sure that results are well verified before it is published publically. For the society it is very important to ensure this type of measures should be taken. A discussion of potential variables that could influence internal validity. One has to keep an eye on the potential variables such as the people who are taking part in the studies as they possibly could affect the outcome of the experiment. The more the variable are the more different types of result have to be emerged (Saipanish, Lotrakul Sumrithe, 2009). Therefore the experiment should be done on the people in proper way and the observation part becomes more and more important. People is tend to get carried away in these types of experiments and thus the outcome could be different. That part should be taken under huge consideration too. Comments about how the outcomes of this experiment would be generalized to the general population. After all the hard works have been done the outcomes of the particular experiment from different types of variables become more and more important. Therefore the analysis of the outcome is too much essential for the experiment (WU, 2008). Through the outcome people should able to understand how the human brain can act in certain stressful situation. People can also learn to deal with their stress if they can control their brain to some extent through practice. The people who are undecided in stress can find a way out through these types of experiments outcome to a great extent. So far it can be said that human brain can adopt itself when it comes to memory in stressful situations too if it can be trained in a proper way. References Acaroglu, R., Suhonen, R., Sendir, M., Kaya, H. (2010). Reliability and validity of Turkish version of the Individualised Care Scale.Journal Of Clinical Nursing,20(1-2), 136-145. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2702.2010.03468.x Aven, T., Heide, B. (2009). Reliability and validity of risk analysis.Reliability Engineering System Safety,94(11), 1862-1868. doi:10.1016/j.ress.2009.06.003 Blonna, D. (2014). Validity and reliability of the SPORTS score for shoulder instability.Jts. doi:10.11138/jts/2014.2.2.059 CAO, X., LIU, X., TIAN, L., GUO, Y. (2012). The reliability and validity of the Chinese version of nurses self-concept questionnaire.Journal Of Nursing Management,21(4), 657-667. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2834.2012.01419.x Carmines, E., Zeller, R.Reliability and validity assessment. Franzen, M., Robbins, D., Sawicki, R. (1989).Reliability and validity in neuropsychological assessment. New York: Plenum Press. Kirk, J., Miller, M. (1986).Reliability and validity in qualitative research. Beverly Hills: Sage Publications. Koc, R., Erdemoglu, A. (2010). Validity and Reliability of the Turkish Self-Administered Leeds Assessment of Neuropathic Symptoms and Signs (S-LANSS) Questionnaire.Pain Medicine,11(7), 1107-1114. doi:10.1111/j.1526-4637.2010.00837.x Litwin, M. (1995).How to Measure Survey Reliability and Validity. Thousand Oaks: SAGE Publications. Liu, P., Li, Z. (2014). Corrigendum to Comparison of task complexity measures for emergency operating procedures: Convergent validity and predictive validity [Reliab. Eng. Syst. Saf. 121 (2014) 289293].Reliability Engineering System Safety,127, 97. doi:10.1016/j.ress.2014.03.002 Patchen, M. (1965).Some questionnaire measures of employee motivation and morale. [Ann Arbor]: Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan. Saipanish, R., Lotrakul, M., Sumrithe, S. (2009). Reliability and validity of the Thai version of the WHO-Five Well-Being Index in primary care patients.Psychiatry And Clinical Neurosciences,63(2), 141-146. doi:10.1111/j.1440-1819.2009.01933.x Schubert, A. (2009). Validity and Reliability of Faculty Evaluations.Anesthesia Analgesia,108(6), 1992. doi:10.1213/ane.0b013e31819f9775 Sherif, Y. (1987). The reliability and validity of correlating human health hazards and nicotine content in cigarettes.Microelectronics Reliability,27(5), 859-865. doi:10.1016/0026-2714(87)90334-9 WU, W. (2008). Assessment of reliability and validity of food frequency questionnaire.Acad J Sec Mil Med Univ,28(5), 571-573. doi:10.3724/sp.j.1008.2008.00571

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Examining The Professional Services Firm KMPG Information Technology Essay Essays

Examining The Professional Services Firm KMPG Information Technology Essay Essays Examining The Professional Services Firm KMPG Information Technology Essay Essay Examining The Professional Services Firm KMPG Information Technology Essay Essay Introduction What KPMG Does KPMG is one of the large four professional services houses, consisting 135,000 employees in more than 140 states. Specifically in Australia, there are 4800 people. The construction is organised harmonizing to their three key services: Audit, Tax and Advisory. KPMG prides itself on its cognition of industry, committedness to quality and to its clients, and a civilization of intellectuality, diligence, unity and empathy. ( KPMG 2010 ) What IPCG Does IPCG exists within the domain of Advisory, and beneath that, the Internal Audit, Risk A ; Control Services group ( IARCS ) . Its chief intent is driven by the clear demand by package companies to protect their bottom line. Research conducted by International Data Corporation ( IDC ) in 2005 concluded that the universe s package companies were losing USD34 billion in gross to unaccredited installings ( KPMG Intranet ) . The chief issue is that content distributers are supplying an intangible good that contains rational belongings, and for which they are entitled to royalties. However, the distribution frequently relies on good religion of the self-reporting of a company s package deployment. The easiness with which buccaneering can be undertaken unnoticed consequences in a demand to hold a systematic auditing procedure of licencing versus deployment to guarantee right conformity, and to guarantee that any disagreements are remedied financially. The state of affairs is rendered more hard since most companies, despite their good purposes, are non savvy with the regulations and models associated with rational belongings ( IP ) , do non to the full understand their licensing entitlements, and may hold haphazard IT substructure, i.e. developing SAM. KPMG s occupation is to set about audits of a client s package on behalf of their clients, and to make so in a timely and accurate manner, while keeping a positive relationship with all parties involved. It is beguiling the balance between clip efficiency and truth that is a cardinal concern of KPMG, but besides one in which it has a comparative competitory advantage. KPMG is besides embarking further into the kingdom of SAM as a related and valuable extension of its current auditing activities. Models 1. Information Systems Success Model ( DeLone A ; McLean, 2003 ) Overview The DeLone A ; McLean theoretical account was foremost proposed in 1992, but updated in 2003, as a manner of explicating IS success , and deriving a better apprehension of the value and efficaciousness of IS direction actions and IS investings ( DeLone A ; McLean 2003, p.10 ) . By 2003 the theoretical account had been referenced in over 300 journal articles, frequently in a really positive visible radiation. Its popularity might be attributable to its theoretical and empirical foundation, its simpleness and pertinence to a assortment of state of affairss, and its ability to synthesise old research affecting IS success ( DeLone A ; McLean 2003, p.10 ) . The theoretical account is a consecutive theoretical account which implies that the first three factors of information quality, system quality and service quality straight lead to the usage of ( or purpose to utilize ) the IS in add-on to user satisfaction, and that this in bend leads to a net benefit ( Klobas A ; McGill 2010, p.116 ) . That is, for an IS to be successful, it relies on high quality end products ; accordingly this will take to utilize of the system, which in bend provides benefits and therefore user satisfaction. This satisfaction so encourages further usage of the system. The deduction is that if any of the end products are of a low criterion, so the system will either non be utilized, or non supply the needed benefits. In the specific context of a communicating flow, DeLone and McLean define systems quality as the truth and efficiency of the communicating system that produces information ; information quality as the success of the information in conveying the intended significance ; and user satisfaction as the consequence of the information on the receiving system . Service quality is kindred to a client service or CRM factor. ( Delone A ; McLean 1992, p.61 ) Application to KPMG ( Critique ) In the context of KPMG s Internal Audit, Risk and Control Services ( IARCS ) , and specifically the Intellectual Property A ; Contract Governance group ( IPCG ) , the theoretical account can supply a many-sided penetration into bettering both employee and client satisfaction, and besides assist streamline procedures to increase efficiency. Information System: One of the major information flows in IPCG is that which goes from the client to the KPMG audit squad. Specifically, the information system is any manual ( e.g. walkabout ) or computerised procedure ( e.g. batch books ) which are utilized to find the use of licensable package on all machines ( physical and practical waiters, workstations and other devices ) , and so comparing that with that client s entitlement to that use as governed by purchased licences. The generalized procedure is illustrated in the diagram below, along with really approximative clip frames: The process of pull outing and scrutinizing information from a given client is alone, but by and large follows the above stairss. A cardinal concern in heightening efficiency is finding where the constrictions occur. The procedures which are highlighted in the above figure by and large pose a greater chance of hold, as normally these stairss are contingent on a client s actions. This is because these actions are by and large non at the top of a client s precedence list. The DeLone A ; McLean theoretical account says that for this IS to be successful, the information and the procedures must be of sufficient quality so that the terminal merchandise is utilized and good. It is contended that KPMG has had comparative success in the country of IPCG, as it represents a cardinal participant in the Australian market, and has experienced consistent and strong growing in grosss. The chief purpose is whether the DeLone and McLean theoretical account, as applied to KPMG, can explicate the IPCG group s success, and besides account for any skips. The chief IS we are analyzing is the initial informations extraction. Information Quality: the IS Success Model contends that an IS must be successful at conveying a significance ; i.e. that an IS s end product is of necessity, accurate quality. At the really nucleus of the IPCG s activities is the bite of information in the signifier of an Effective License Position study. It is the truth and seasonableness of this study that gives KPMG its competitory advantage. A major hurdle for IPCG is the heavy trust on manual procedures at all phases of the procedure, specifically in the informations aggregation and informations analysis phases. Manual procedures can take to human mistake, and therefore cut down informations unity. This is of peculiar concern here since a client s satisfaction is straight linked to the truth of the informations so KPMG s findings straight correspond to restitution sought by the client from the client. The issue is complicated by the fact that find of information, in the signifier of a client s purchases and use of package, requ ires important cooperation from the client. Furthermore, there is a basic demand to understand a client s IT substructure, and surprisingly sometimes even the clients do nt to the full understand all facets of it. Hence the trust on manual process and the dependance on a knowing and antiphonal client both influence the end product of the quality of information that is extracted. System Quality: the IS Success theoretical account besides emphasises that an IS should bring forth its end product expeditiously. In IPCG this country has been noted as being a defect of the information system, and action has been taken to heighten its effectivity. Within the last 18 months, there has been a realization of the overdependence on manual procedures that are susceptible to monotony, incompatibility and human mistake. This is due to the differing systems adopted by cardinal clients which become hard to consolidate, and the deficiency of mechanization of both the aggregation and analysis of client informations. This means that the production rate of studies is greatly lower than some of its abroad challengers. Nevertheless, KPMG Australia provides a value-add that is attractive to its local clients, for case through its fosterage of client relationship direction. Specifically, KPMG has hired a proficient specializer who intends to integrate engineering in order to streamline procedures. There are four chief proposals: foremost to roll up, create and polish batch books, which are powerful and adaptable to different IT infrastructures. Improvement is still possible because the batches are non available for all plans and/or IT setups ; they need to be editable, but the staff here do non hold expertness in programming. Second, there will be creative activity of tools that automate the analysis of informations which is extracted by the batch books. The purpose is to hold sophisticated tools with a grade of intelligence, which will ensue in a decrease of rhythm times and mistakes in analysis. For case, a typical mistake may affect the definition of cores and processors , a confusing differentiation that is frequently inconsistently applied among clients. Third, a trial waiter will be installed in order to host databases and act as a trial Centre for these new books. Finally, there is an purpose to document all communications in an organized construction, so that any disagreements between KPMG and clients ( e.g. when perceptual experiences change ) can be corrected more rapidly. Finally, direction has considered but non yet implemented a database system to assist with both capacity direction, and to place chances and hazard early on. It will besides help with informations mining for new SAM chances, and as such represents a value-add for KPMG. This will assist help the seasonableness and truth of ELP studies. Service Quality: To supply the topmost service, KPMG s staff demand to be familiar with the different package applications clients are using. This is because they need to clearly understand both how use is defined, and how to deduce and construe the use figures. As such, the thought of merchandise title-holders has been implemented to guarantee that there will be merchandise specializers who can portion their cognition with other staff when they have any questions. Second, KPMG has had a great grade of success because its client relationship direction is seen as paramount. Indeed, their ability to make and keep strong links with their clients is an of import component of their competitory advantage. The IPCG group has maintained this CRM by keeping knowledge-sharing Sessionss to discourse pertinent issues ; KPMG issues white documents to show and portion thoughts for free ; and twice a twelvemonth they hold a common feedback session to supply honest feedback to each other. Management has besides noted the demand in all client battles to supply a high quality service by: responding rapidly ; expecting jobs proactively ; and listening intently to them ( beyond what they re stating, e.g. the tone of their communicating ) . Finding The IS success theoretical account is a utile theoretical account in that it can be applied to assorted scenarios, and besides since it goes to the nucleus of what makes an effectual information system. One of the chief IS in the IPCG group is the extraction of informations from the client. Equally long as the end product is of a high quality, and that the procedure is streamlined, and every bit significantly that KPMG is happy with the end product of the IS, so by deduction the IS must be a successful 1. The theoretical account s strength is that it encompasses both the proficient and human elements of an IS. In the context of KPMG the use factor was non relevant. Possibly the lone downside of the theoretical account is that it does non order the ways in which to accomplish greater truth or efficiency, but making so would decrease the theoretical account s generalization. Iivari ( 2005 ) through empirical observation tested the DeLone A ; McLean theoretical account, and his consequences back up the rationality of the DeLone-McLean theoretical account as a prognostic theoretical account , but besides with the caution that users of IS may be satisfied but non really utilize the IS ( p.16 ) . This unfavorable judgment is non relevant to the IPCG, since its information systems are an indispensable portion of the scrutinizing procedure, and the inquiry is how to guarantee that they are efficient. Iivari besides discusses the ambiguity environing the construct of user satisfaction ( p.18 ) . This lone agreements with the IPCG experiences in that there is trouble in quantifying satisfaction with information systems into a individual metric. However, the factor remains polar to the IS Success theoretical account, both in the sense that it must be met in order to accomplish a successful result, and besides that a strong IS has a high likeliness of taking to satisfaction. Indeed the consequences of Iivari s empirical survey show that perceived system quality and perceived information quality are important forecasters of user satisfaction ( p.8 ) . 2. Implementing Strategic Decisions Model ( Miller, 1997 ) Overview Miller ( 1997 ) elucidates the key factors which determine an effectual execution of a strategic determination. Her attack is to analyze 11 alteration enterprises across six entities, and specifically to rank these alteration executions, so that she can place the chief factors lending to execution success. There is a differentiation made between realizers and enablers . Realizers are the four key factors which are deemed most of import when it comes to alter direction, viz. : backup, clear purpose ( assessability ) , be aftering ( specificity ) and conductive clime ( cultural receptiveness ) . Enablers are merely factors which allow for possible execution success, but are non claimed to be decisive factors. These are summarised as: acquaintance, precedence, resource handiness, structural facilitation and flexibleness. Miller believes that all these factors would use to any alteration execution regardless of the industry or ownership of the house. Miller s first measure is to specify what a successful execution entails. There are three cardinal elements which are discussed: completion, accomplishment A ; acceptableness. Completion means the grade to which everything intended to be done, is done, within the expected clip period ; achievement signifies the grade to which what was done performs as intended ; acceptableness is the grade to which the method of execution and results are satisfactory to those involved in, or affected by, execution . The statement is that a failure in any of these countries will sabotage the success of the venture. Application to KPMG ( Critique ) The IARCS group within KPMG assists clients to place hazards that may endanger their ability to accomplish concern goalsaˆÂ ¦ manage those hazards and finally better the administration s public presentation ( KPMG intranet ) . IPCG is a group within IARCS that specifically assists clients prevent gross escape and protect rational belongings where the client has third-party relationships governed by an understanding . It is clear that an aim of KPMG is a committedness to the client. Hence bettering the efficiency and truth of their auditing activities would accomplish a win-win for both KPMG and their clients. The IPCG group has two cardinal clients with which it has formed extended relationships. As such, it is indispensable that these relationships be maintained, due to the big volume of work which they provide when it comes to scrutinizing their legion clients. In fact the gross from IPCG group entirely accounts for about tierce of the IARCS entire gross watercourse. However there are some cardinal defects which are doing inefficiencies of the scrutinizing procedure as compared to some other houses. As such, direction has recognised a demand to implement alteration to guarantee that KPMG can remain at the head of package licencing audits in Australia, the human dynamo of IPCG, and remain in front of its challengers. This is where the Miller theoretical account becomes relevant working out whether the proposed alterations have had/will continue to hold their intended effect of streamlining and cut downing mistake. Some of the proposed alterations to the IPCG that have been put frontward by direction were initiated 18 months ago. The overall program is to duplicate the group s gross within 5 old ages, and this requires an one-year return of about 30 % p.a. In order to accomplish this, direction s proposals have included: rotary motion of staff between clients in order to portion cognition and resources ; standardizing procedures ; mechanization of procedures to replace manual labor which is susceptible to human mistake ; proviso of common feedback with clients ; furthering those client relationships to larn about information and chances ; happening new clients ; sharing cognition with the planetary KPMG work force ; and distributing out into new and moneymaking concern chances such as SAM and Digital Rights Management ( DRM ) . These alterations appear strong on paper, but how efficaciously these schemes are implemented will be the cardinal determiner of their success. Backing At KPMG, betterment is decidedly at the head of the heads of spouses and directors likewise. Miller emphasises the demand for go oning supportaˆÂ ¦ from those who authorize what goes on every bit good as support from those required to implement the alterations . KPMG has legion meetings, for case monthly workgroup meetings, hebdomadal squad meetings and Knowledge Inc. At these meetings people of all degrees of the administration are given the ability to voice their sentiment, and inquire for elucidation about any proposed alterations. The usual docket at these meetings is how KPMG can better its procedures. At team meetings, directors guarantee that the allotment of undertakings is just and sensible. At workgroup meetings, directors frequently discuss ways that employees can ease procedures and besides portion their expertness so that both employees and directors can accomplish their purposes in a more timely and accurate mode. At Knowledge Inc, advanced thoughts are communica ted between workgroups, and big wins and strong public presentation are congratulated. It is clear that at all degrees invention and alteration is encouraged and discussed often. Clear purposes This inquiry relates to the grade to which the success of execution can be evaluated with preciseness . How will KPMG cognize that it has achieved its cardinal execution aims? The use of splashboard prosodies is one cardinal manner that KPMG ensures procedures are on path, and these are distributed to all the workers in IARCS. These prosodies cover steps such as mean cured rate, realization, productiveness, lockup yearss A ; FTE among others. Attach toing these prosodies is how the figures compare with marks associated with the alteration mechanism. Besides, all persons have semi-annual advancement reappraisals with their directors to guarantee the formation of ends and supervising whether employees are on path to run into this ends. These aims are by and large tied to betterment at a personal degree, and there is a peculiar accent on the taking up of relevant preparation plans ( e.g. a Chartered Accountant making ) . Planing Miller argues that a scheme execution will by and large merely be successful if precise inside informations of execution undertakings and activities are determined early on. One strength of the KPMG scheme is that talk about betterment is non given from a strictly theoretical point of position. Rather, there is a clear deputation of new undertakings to all employees which aim to accomplish the specific aim of heightening efficiency. One illustration is the execution of budget preparation i.e. learning senior advisors how to budget their undertakings harmonizing to clip and cost. This is meant to guarantee answerability, consciousness of new jobs early, cut down ambiguity and enhance capacity direction. Senior advisors were given a specific spreadsheet, every bit good as a elaborate account of how the spreadsheet should be completed, to guarantee they are filled out in an accurate mode in order to help direction. Another illustration of a specific execution program is the proposed new cardinal cognition database, which is a depository of what every employee has worked on, is presently involved in, and pertinent information about clients ( including history of interactions with KPMG ) . A director is meant to be able to look at the database and see where the strain and handiness lies i.e. a speedy position of the large image. Finally, the database is meant to be utilised for informations excavation intents specifically to seek for SAM chances, i.e. the country that IPCG wishes to prosecute. Clarizen has been selected as a tool to precisely accomplish this intent, although its execution has been delayed. Finally, late the thought of merchandise title-holders has been proposed and implemented in the IARCS group as a agency of harvesting the benefits of specialization. Basically, expertness in each of the client s merchandises is a fillip when it comes to scrutinizing clients, since these client meetings may affect proficient slang which must be understood to ease the procedure and demonstrate experience. However, to distribute out the work, it has been proposed that brace of employees can specialize in each merchandise and be the mention point for all future questions. Each brace was delegated the undertaking of composing a five page study refering to issues associating to each merchandise, what it does, how it is licensed and so forth. They will besides be asked to give presentations to the IPCG group. As such this alteration promises success because it is clear to each employee what is required, and it has been punctually carried out because it is for their ain common benefit when interacting with their several clients. Conducive Climate KPMG Australia is per se tied to other planetary subordinates through the Project Management Office online forum. This forum facilitates sharing of tools and cognition in order to heighten efficiency and truth. For case KPMG in Denmark are seen as being at the head of bring forthing batch books which automate the licence scrutinizing procedure. There is besides a dedicated employee who actively travels to different KPMG offices globally in order to better understand their procedures, and expression for cagey solutions to the efficiency issue. Hence the KPMG clime is really contributing to implementing alteration in KPMG as different offices have solutions which can be shared with all other offices and readily accessed, in bend helping employees to be more efficient. Finding Miller s theoretical account seems to thoroughly encompass viing factors which explain effectual alteration direction. Her list of realisers decidedly agreements with observations in the IPCG group. However, Miller expounds upon the fact that her research is limited to more disconnected alteration enterprises, as it is technically hard to analyze its pertinence to more progressive alterations. The trouble is that the prevailing big alterations within the IPCG group have by and large non been disconnected. At KPMG there is a calculated ground for this, viz. a belief that excessively much alteration might hold a damaging impact on employee public assistance whereby they are more likely to be afraid, unsure and unmotivated. As such by sing the alterations at KPMG, anecdotal grounds is provided as to whether Miller s or other factors are more polar in elusive alteration execution. One component that Miller s theoretical account does nt underscore is that people are the polar dimension when it comes to alter. For case Eaton ( 2010 ) explains that betterment is more about people than about the procedure and that persons will be believing at every phase about what is in it for them ( p.31 ) . The nature of KPMG s work is that about all the value of the company is derived from its people. People facilitate alteration, but people are besides the biggest hindrance to alter enterprises. Eaton provides four issues which complicate execution: ignorance, lassitude, commissions and inflexibleness. As an exemplifying illustration of this at KPMG, during the Global Financial Crisis the ICPG group was at the same time undergoing its ain emphasiss. As it began to implement stairss to counter the recession, there was at the same time an undermanning at the director and in-charge degrees. Consequently junior staff were required to set about some of the directors duties. This led to a job in that the junior staff believed that their proficient cognition exceeded that of direction, and that they could easy take on managerial duties. Lines became bleary, and therefore they became disenchanted and sought publicity. However, they could non see the array of other duties that direction entailed, and debates grew heated. Some people were laid away to rectify the state of affairs. Kotter ( 2007 ) besides proposes surrogate factors which he believes important when it comes to alter execution. He proposes seven cardinal stairss, but basically they converge on pass oning a vision with a sense of urgency. Miller references precedence, but suggests that it is merely an enabler ; she mentions specificity as connoting the demand for good communicating. Kotter nevertheless suggests that communicating is non merely of import for the intent of lucidity and apprehension, but besides motive in the more successful instances I have witnessed, an person or group ever facilitates a blunt treatment of potentially unpleasant facts , even if they artificially manufactured a crisis . He besides says the vision works best if it is easy to pass on and entreaties to [ all stakeholders ] . Maurer ( 2009, p.29 ) besides attests to the demand for an effectual leader who ensures clear ends, communicates each member s functions, Fosters cooperation and dainties all reasonably. At KPMG, the execution of alteration resides someplace in the center of Miller and Kotter s theoretical accounts. On the one manus, alteration is nt every bit ingrained in every piece of communicating and action as Kotter would propose. This may be because it could be perceived as overbearing. On the other manus, occupation descriptions, public presentation assessments and group meetings all emphasise the demand to turn, better and introduce. This is reinforced by KPMG s big aggregation of preparation plans which are available to all employees who would materially profit from it. This attack works at KPMG because the purpose is to hold a more elusive alteration a realization that the employee must actively recognize and move in conformity with the alteration enterprises, but non be so overburdened by its demands that they lose motive. I believe this mix to be more effectual than the rigorous Kotter or Miller theoretical accounts in the context that KPMG finds itself in. Their impres sive and consistent grosss attest to this fact. 3.Six Sigma Overview The Six Sigma theoretical account falls within the Entire Quality Management ( TQM ) subject. Moosa A ; Sajid ( 2010 ) say that TQM purposes to specify, put, control and better the effectivity of an administration within its restraints ( 2010, p.745 ) . They describe how the subject has changed over the last 60 old ages to integrate measurement, control and betterment in all sections in all types of houses . Any corporation that is utilising TQM is basically utilizing the doctrine of standardization, client satisfaction and continual betterment . Six Sigma represents the newest theoretical account to use TQM to an administration. Six Sigma is specifically defined as a methodological analysis for prosecuting uninterrupted betterment in client satisfaction and net income that goes beyond defect decrease and emphasizes concern procedure betterment in general . Obviously at its nucleus the theoretical account prioritises the minimization of mistakes in the proviso of a service or good, but it besides incorporates the accomplishment of consistent additions in procedure efficiencies at all degrees of the administration, predictability and statistical measuring. Goh ( 2010 ) describes some of the cardinal strengths and failings of the Six Sigma theoretical account. First, the theoretical account requires a common, realistic metric for quality appraisal and betterment . In fabrication sectors, this might be a defects per million chances , but in service proviso a better step may be the critical-to-quality measuring. Yun A ; Chun ( 2008 ) explain that CTQ steps may incorporate prosodies refering to upper and lower specification bounds , and run intoing clients functional demands. Once it is recognised that defects have arisen, there is a systematic procedure associated with Six Sigma called DMAIC, in order to cut down defects to an acceptable degree. DMAIC is an acronym for Define, Measure, Analyse, Improve A ; Control. DMAIC is of import as service quality that consequences in client satisfactionaˆÂ ¦ leads to making loyal clients ; it besides costs a batch more to pull a new client than to retain an old client ( Kumar et al. 2009 ) . Application to KPMG ( Critique ) Define: The procedure in demand of betterment is identified ( Kumar et al. 2009 ) . The job needs to be quantified in a mensurable statistic. For case in the instance of KPMG that could be clip to finish an audit from start to complete, but this would hold to be complemented with a step for audit quality. Other of import results from the procedure would be heightening and keeping strong client and client relationships following each audit. Measure: As is apparent, summarizing an inherently complex procedure into a individual figure may represent an simplism, yet would besides be good in tracking betterments and flagging jobs rapidly. Time is evidently a reasonably easy metric that can be utilised, although a complication is that client holds outside of KPMG s control could skew it as a step. Nevertheless IPCG is rather effectual at maintaining path of each outstanding client, and holds are rapidly resolved or escalated to their clients. Measuring quality, nevertheless, is hard. One informal manner is to estimate client and client feedback, which occurs at KPMG in the signifier of one-year tiffins. Possibly they could besides implement the usage of studies and questionnaires following audits. Analyse: The strict usage of budgets to account for both cost and clip outgos is used in IPCG to guarantee that audits are completed in an acceptable manner. Meetings are held on a regular basis to guarantee that audit procedures are being conducted swimmingly. Key issues are raised in hebdomadal squad meetings, and most of the clip holds are caused by client armed robberies, non inefficiencies in IPCG s direction. IPCG are required to reach a client legion times before the issue is escalated to the client. Better: Get the better ofing the holds associated with client armed robberies is hard, as it is contingent on activities outside KPMG s control. Customers can besides be rather restrictive in footings of how an audit will be conducted, for case necessitating minimum obstructor to the conducting of concern, being excessively concerned about privateness, and by and large being hard. However, what KPMG can make is further its relationships with its clients to guarantee that their activities become a more important precedence to its clients. Besides, holding a greater presence on-site can assist further these client relationships, both by heightening societal acquaintance but besides acquiring to understand the elaboratenesss of the client s IT substructure, SAM, and package deployment protocols. It is besides important that KPMG establishes a repute of being sensitive to a client s demands, as they may non openly portion these but merely allude to them. Control: Long-run CRM helps guarantee that clients are more antiphonal to IPCG s petitions for informations aggregation. Time delays within IPCG are remedied through increased staff, preparation, squad experience, and the development of machine-controlled batch books to simplify and speed up the procedure. Finding The Six Sigma theoretical account has the needed generalization to be applicable to legion industries, including the service industry. However, coming up with quantifiable statistics for what is a complex and alone procedure is the most hard portion. Besides, the theoretical account does nt give adequate attending to the importance of non merely accomplishing production rapidly and accurately, but besides doing certain that all parties involved are content with the procedure and its results. Decision This study has examined three separate theoretical accounts from the Information Systems and Management and Business academe. All of the theoretical accounts have provided penetration into the success of KPMG s IPCG group, both in explicating grounds for success every bit good as bespeaking ways in which processes can go even more streamlined, accurate and acceptable.

Patient Hourly Rounding Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Patient Hourly Rounding - Term Paper Example This understanding only reinforces the need for changes in the delivery of nursing care and health care services, towards excellence in ensuring patient safety and patient satisfaction. To satisfy this objective, however, the best means to changes that provide it have to be uncovered (Grove, 2008). Patient Hourly Rounding The concept of patient hourly rounding originated in England, where it was termed patient comfort rounds. Patient hourly rounding is built on predetermined definite protocols. The norm for protocols in patient hourly rounding is founded on four P’s, which stand for pain, personal needs, positioning, and placement. Other issues that could be a part of the protocol for hourly rounding include changing of dressings, administration of medications, and patient education. The concept of hourly rounding is based on compassionate care, and the strengthening of interpersonal relationship between the patient and the nurse, with the essential ingredient of anticipation of the needs of patients and meeting these needs (Charmel, Frameton, & Plantree, 2009). Patient hourly rounding are, thus a systematic nursing function that consists of nurses undertaking bedside rounds of patients, with a specific set of actions, and conducted over specific intervals. Thought the ultimate goal in patient hourly rounding is patient safety and patient satisfaction, the immediate objective is prevention of potential patient problems or to inhibit exacerbation of actual problems (McCartney, 2009). Recommended Change Patient hourly rounding is the recommended change in nursing care practice. The specific actions included in the patient hourly rounding are: Greet the patient Inquire if the patient needs toileting, pain control, repositioning, and blanket Place call light, telephone, tissue box, bed table, and TV control within convenient reach of the patient Provide mouth care, if required Give oral fluid, if required Provide any clarifications sought by the patient Inqu ire if the patient requires any other assistance Inform the patient when the next round will be performed (Adapted from Gardner et al, 2009, & Olrich, Kalman & Nigolian, 2012). The specific time interval will be hourly rounding. Evidence suggests that hourly rounding is superior to bi-hourly rounding in delivering patient safety and patient satisfaction (Meade, Bursell & Ketelsen, 2006). Theoretical Framework Lewin’s Change Model is an early model for planned change. The concept in this model is that a static state of behaviors in an organization occurs when the forces pushing for change and the forces striving to maintain status quo are almost equal. In other words, change is possible only when the forces pushing for change is increased, and the forces striving to maintain status quo is decreased. Lewin’s change model recommends a three step process towards attaining this objective in planned change. The first step is unfreezing, which consists of reducing the forces striving to maintain status quo. In this case, the first step is reducing the support among nurses for opposition to patient hourly ro

Neoottomanism in Turkey and the Role of Turkey in the new formation of Essay

Neoottomanism in Turkey and the Role of Turkey in the new formation of the Arab world - Essay Example Thus, ottomanism transformed into the ideology of pan-Turkism. The Turkish leaders of the late XX - early XXI century, especially Recep Tayyip Erdogan, updated the doctrine of ottamanism-pan-Turkism, turning it into so-called neoottomanism. Modern Turkish leaders advocated the creation of an integrated economic and cultural-linguistic space that has commonality of interests; it is the main essence of this ideology. However, neo-Ottomanism implies the dominant influence of Turkey not only on Turks, but even more - non-Turkic peoples and countries that were part of the Ottoman Empire at different time. The doctrine of "neoottomanism" was not completely comprehended even by its originators. Nowadays a lot of European and American politicians are greatly concerned about the given ideology and they do not want to stay away from it. United States, for example, hatch the plans to create a unified Turkic political space dominated by Turkey, and are interested in supporting the sovereignty of newly independent states of Central Eurasia. A heavy blow to this "subtle pan-Turkism", i.e. neoottomanism, was stroke by the Collective Security Treaty Organization, members of which were two Turkic states - Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and the Islamic one – Tajikistan. Uzbekistan led its own political game for a certain period, but then, joined the CSTO. Turkmenistan's foreign policy tends to neutrality at the present time. Under the auspices of the U.S., such projects as The Black Sea Cooperation and GUAM were developed. If earlier the U.S. was more interested in strengthening Turkey's influence on the Balkans, nowadays - on Northern and Southern Caucasus, Crimea, Ukraine, Bessarabia, as well as Syria, Lebanon and Iraq - as vectors, amplifying the Turkish-Russian confrontation. "Political and operational" role of Turkey in these regions is the most attractive for the U.S. But practice shows that the U.S. is not confident in the effectiveness of such role-based participation of Turkey, even in these projects. Yes, Turkey could play a leading role in the formation and activity of GUAM, but Western politicians are in no hurry to pedal its role. Turkey activities in Georgia, especially in some regions, such as Ajaria and Abkhazia, as well as in Dagestan and Chechnya, Kabardino-Balkaria, Adygeya, Krasnodar territory, Bulgaria, Bosnia, Albania, Kosovo Macedonia, and Bessarabia can only be seen in part of a joint Turkish-American project. All other joint plans of the United States and Turkey in Central Asia are minor, in fact. Issues, related to the presence of Turkey military machine in the Balkans, the Caucasus and Crimea, are always discussed between the military and intelligence services of both countries. Turkey's position in these regions is much stronger than that in Central Asia. Only the situation in Iran, especially in its north-western regions, can be compared with Turkey positions in the above regions. In 2001, the present minister of foreign affair s of Turkey Ahmet Davutoglu published his voluminous work â€Å"Strategic depth: the international position of Turkey†, in which he analyzed the regional and geopolitical interests and priorities of Turkey; he also put forward a series of theoretical assessments and propositions. After

Neoliberal in Latin America by Samir Sader Essay Example for Free

Neoliberal in Latin America by Samir Sader Essay This paper examines the role of the neo-liberalism approach to development in Latin America. The paper aims to establish whether the approach has facilitated the attainment of the developmental goals of the Latin American region. Through literature review, the study finds out that the neo-liberalism approach has attained a certain degree of progress in the Latin American region. However, the overwhelming evidence emerges in support of alternative development approaches. This realization is made after it is established that neo-liberalism has contributed towards retarded economic growth, political instability and other social ills in the continent. The paper finally concludes that seeking alternative approaches to growth is necessary if the Latin American region is to achieve further progress. Introduction Neo-liberalism is a market led model to social and economic policies premised on the neoclassical theories of economics, which aim to utilize maximally the private sector in choosing the economic, political and social priorities of a state. The aim of the model is to shift risks from the public corporate to individuals. This indicates that the primary role of the approach is to increase efficiency premised on the belief that governments were not in a position to attain such a goal (Cohen, 2007). The neo-liberalism approach was introduced in the Latin American continent to achieve the benefits associated with it on theory. After decades of applying the approach, the Latin American region still finds itself lagging behind in terms of economic and social growth and development. This leads to a host of queries regarding to what would have gone wrong. Research questions This paper examines the following research questions: Has the neo-liberalism approach facilitated economic growth in the Latin American region? Has neo-liberalism led to political instability in the Latin American region? Has neo-liberalism failed to achieve its goals in the Latin America continent? If neo-liberalism has failed, are there alternatives to replace it? Literature review Neo-liberalism was first applied in Latin America at the turn of the new century. Latin America chose to offer a ground in which the forces of neo-liberalism contentions squared off. Such lead to a construction of both resistance and seeking of alternatives. The neoliberal dispensation adopted in the 1990’s in Latin America led to serious setbacks. For instance, the huge inequalities, which characterize Latin America, point to this position. Though neo-liberalism was not the cause of the inequality problem, it served to exacerbate the gap (Sader, 2008). The neoliberal model was imposed in Latin America. Towards privatization condition was give n requiring that successive governments in the continent should defeat and disarm the earlier left wing movements and any organized labor groups. During this time, the developmentally agenda was premised on the import substitution model. This model was particularly used in Argentina, Mexico, and Brazil; however, the model was also in use in countries like Columbia, Chile, Peru, Costa Rica and Uruguay (Sader, 2008). The model was heavily doctored in a way, which encouraged wide political projects based on the ideology of strengthening the working class and trade unions with backing from local parties and national blocs submerged in the context of nationalistic identities and ideologies. Instead of leading to the sought after development, the neoliberal agenda turned tragic as countries in the Latin American region became engaged in military coups time and time again beginning at the 1960’s (Sader, 2008). The combination between military coups and the neoliberal growth models led to adrift in the balance of power in reference to the social classes in the region. In countries like Chile, Uruguay and Argentina, it was near impossible attempting to privatize national industries. Simply put, the state governments had to suppress the nationals into accepting the sell-outs. Initially, states offered a certain degree of protection as they regulated local markets and thus guaranteed the social well-being of the population. However, privatization became necessary to clear the path for the neoliberal agenda. Argentina suffices as the best example in this line of thinking as illustrated by the complete transfer of public resources to the private sector followed by the abolition of the hard fought for social rights. In a nutshell, the neoliberal model was dismantling the norms in Latin America. At the turn of the 1990’s, neo-liberalism had taken its toll in the Latin American continent. Its effects were fraught throughout the political spectrum. Originally, the program was implemented in Chile, later, Peru, Mexico, Bolivia followed suit (Sader, 2008). One stark reality that emerges is rested on the failure of the neo-liberalism model to consolidate the required social forces for sustenance. This meant there was constant instability paving way for a host of crises right from its onset. This finds support in the Mexico crisis of1994, the Brazil crisis of 1999 and the Argentina crisis of 2002. These nations were ravaged by astounding levels of inflation, which were however controlled at a significantly high cost. The effects of hyperinflation are quite adverse as for instance, economic growth of a region or a state comes under paralysis. Instead of achieving the expected growth and development in the Latin American countries, adverse effects like, stagnating economies, growing wealth gaps, spiraling public deficits, expropriation of individual rights (in reference to employment and labor unionization) took precedence. Further to this, the general population’s rights were curtailed. However, the growth of the public debts negatively exposed the Latin American economies. The poor economic performance led to the ouster of Alberto Fujimori in Peru, Menem in Argentina, Henrique Fernando Cardoso in Brazil, Gonzalo Sanchez in Bolivia, among others (Sader, 2008). The neoliberal model of growth encouraged the internationalization of economies. This pushed the corporate elites into striking an alliance with international capital. Towards achieving the neoliberal agenda, the pro neo-liberalists supported military dictatorships in the southern Cone. The support was extended even to guerillas as far as they were in support of the export-oriented model (Sader, 2008). The adherence to the neoliberal policies meant that gains made in reference to trade unionism had to be reversed. This also affected the leftwing forces as they were equally disabled by the neoliberal agenda. This was further worsened following the collapse of the former Soviet Union. Labor unions like the Brazilian Workers Party (PT) the Nicaraguan Frente Sandinista and the Uruguayan Frente Amplio evolved into parties in order to camouflage from being phased out by the respective governments. They occupied a central wing to achieve their goals. However, left wing groupings such as the VPR and ALN in Brazil, the PRT-ERP in Argentina and the MIR in Chile were dissolved (Sader, 2008). The political ideologies in Latin America became remodeled on the lines of the neoliberal policies. The emerging new world order further reinforced the neoliberal hegemony. Popular forces were abandoned as the former nationalists and social democrats got sucked into the neo-liberal agenda. However, this group has continued to pressure the leaders into discarding the policies in favor of more socialistic ones. This group argues that neo-liberalism has disabled the state from performing its functions as ideally expected. The group’s militancy against neo-liberalism is premised on the wholesale privatization of state resources and expropriation of individual rights with particular reference to formal employment, education and health. The overthrow of the neoliberal government of Sanchez de Lozada was down to the agitations brought forth by disgruntled elements based on advances by the government to privatize water (Sader, 2008). The neoliberal agenda remained committed to creating polarity between the public and the market sector. Ne-liberalism is committed to the extension of market relations. Initially, the state was connected with the social aspect of humanity. However, at the advent of neo-liberalism, the state was required to divorce with this aspect, leading to a critical clash in the process (Sader, 2008). Chile was among the first nations to support neo-liberalism in the Latin American continent. Augusto Pinochet offered support to the approach during his 17-year reign. However, successive governments after the overthrow of the dictator did not introduce significant changes into the system. Against suggestions that neo-liberalism was anti-growth, much was attained in Chile. For instance, in the year 2009, the United Nations Development Report ranked Chile as a country characterized y high quality of life, highly competitive, political stability, high levels of globalization, low perceptions on corruption, economic freedom and low poverty levels. However, it should be noted that Chile remained a country with rampant wealth disparities with a distorted nature of distribution of resources (Cohen, 2007). Between the period of 1930 and 1970, a good number of Latin American countries used the import substitution model to put up own industries which contributed into a reduction of dependency levels. The other effect was on urbanization. The urban centers witnessed a growing population as a result of the increasing number of the working class. Protests by left-wing parties and trade unions grew due to economic crises. The economic crises and the theoretical prospects of the model were the major reason why leaders chose to implement neo-liberal approaches. In the end, neo-liberalism contributed to informal unemployment, urban unemployment, urban poverty and insecurity (Fischer, Ratna and Carlos, 2002). As unemployment and insecurity grew, the rich segment of the society continued to become richer. At this time, the poor sections of the society continued to be poorer. However, in some countries wealth creation increased following the introduction of the neoliberal policies. Despite the increase, instate wealth, the distribution remained inequitable. In turn, inequality contributed to political instability across the continent. Inequality breeds discontent and despair among the poor, this leads to formation of groups, which engage in criminal activities. Some groups end up forming feeder groups to rebel gangs. It is thus no surprise that political overthrows were rampant in Latin America. As Ong (2006) observes oopponents of neo-liberalism argue that liberalisation and globalisation play a big role in subverting a state’s ability of self-determination. As a result, states are reduced to speculators in the bigger globe. The approach leads to negative economic consequences like inequality and contributes towards the deterioration of people’s living standards. Neo-liberalism distorts power by reducing the one held by governments and transferring t into corporations. This in turn facilitates the transfer of benefits from the poor to the wealthy. Neo-liberalism creates struggles both at the social and local fronts as reflected by the inability of citizens to chart their own destiny. Deregulation predisposes states and citizens to cyclical movements of economic forces. This sums it all that neo-liberalism has led to more harm than good. The neoliberal policies brewed a war between different stakeholders at the state level to jostle for positions of controlling the countries. On the one hand, is the elected leadership, o the other hand are the social movements. Social movements include rural movements, trade unions and employees in the education and health sectors of the public. However, governments like the Brazilian one attempted to adopt social oriented measures to gain popular citizenry support. Others include Nicaragua, Argentina and Uruguay though to a lesser extent. These countries’ policies remain friendly in reference to allowing for open economies as opposed to other states in the region (Sader, 2008). In Latin America, there are two groups of countries, one in favor, and the other group against integration at a regional level Costa Rica. Peru, Mexico, Chile have entered integration deals individually while Paraguay, Brazil, Uruguay, Venezuela, Ecuador, Nicaragua, Cuba and Bolivia remain more keen on integration (Sader, 2008). Venezuela, Bolivia, Cuba and Ecuador have taken big steps towards the establishment of an alternative growth model to the neoliberal approach. The four countries have proposed the ‘Bolivarian Alternative for the Americas’ to tackling continent’s issues. This has expanded to incorporate Haiti, Honduras and Nicaragua. In addition, ALBA has attempted to reduce the efficacy of the neoliberal model by insisting on fair trade. This calls for shunning of trade regulations based on the WTO and market rate norms. The trade practices between Cuba and Venezuela in which case a form of barter trade takes place serves as a strong pointer to the proposed way in the region. In the trade between the two, Cuba swaps oil with education services from Venezuela (Sader, 2008). Analysis of findings It thus emerges that neo-liberalism performed dismally in the Latin American continent. This aside, the consequences were lethal in reference to the instability emerging from the model of development. When economies are performing poorly, the masses suffer and loose faith in governments. The neoliberal agenda as established leaned on silencing the public if the model was to turn out a success. This explains why governments had to curtail the freedoms of citizens as exhibited by the suppression of labor and left wing unions. However, this is tantamount to breeding discontent in the populations. Simply put, these measures sowed the seeds of discord in any nation. It was thus not surprising that the instability generated in the Latin American countries was largely due to the focus on the neoliberal policies of development. The neo-liberal approach stands accused for playing a huge role in the emergence and recurrence of dictatorship in the region. States, which supported the approach, were encouraged and offered support to suppress popular opinion on country or state governance. This contributes directly to promotion of dictatorial tendencies. This further aggravates the political instability associated with repressive regimes since; such contributes to sowing seeds of discontent in populations. The repressive regimes further contributed to the loss of gains made in regards to trade unionism as such were discouraged. However, groups have formed in these countries to fight for their rights especially in reference to basic needs. A case in point is captured in Brazil where in 2002, landless peasants ganged up in resistance to privatization of water in Cochabamba. This contributes towards creating social and political unrest in these countries. As a result, neo-liberalism was directly responsible for political instability in the region. It is established in the paper that the neoliberal model of growth has painstakingly failed o advance the developmental agenda of the Latin American continent. This implies that seeking alternative measures is the only promising way out f this fiasco. True to this, some countries like Paraguay, Brazil, Uruguay, Venezuela, Ecuador, Nicaragua, Cuba and Bolivia remain focused on integrating at a regional level. This points that neo-liberalism has failed in the Latin American continent and as a result, the search for alternative models of growth remains in top gear. The forms of integration shown by some of the Latin American country appear to be the best alternative to enable the region achieve the desired growth as opposed to borrowing models of growth from the West. The fact that the region is well endowed with natural resources like oil puts it at a driving seat if integration is allowed to thrive. Countries opposed to the neoliberal agenda have chosen to ally with the protagonists of the United States of America like the People’s Republic of China and Russia. Limitation This paper solely relies on works of other scholars as it is based on literature review. Literature is of invaluable contribution to studies. This is held because literature forms the basis upon which studies are carried out. However, literature may be subject to subjectivity especially if the authors/researchers fail to remain objective. Nevertheless, this paper has reviewed four works to ensure that the reviewed literature does not raise inconsistencies. The paper though, heavily focuses on the works of Sader. Based on this, the paper is a useful contribution to the discourse on the neo-liberalism approach and development in Latin America. Conclusion This paper concludes that neo-liberalism is not the appropriate development model in the Latin American region. This is based on the realization that the developmental approach has occasioned a number of adverse outcomes as enumerated in the literature review. However, in countries like Chile, the developmental record has been impressive. Despite this, the overall rating of the approach is poor as indicated that even in Chile, its adverse effects like widening the gap between the rich and the poor remains clearly manifested. It is thus not surprising that measures like integration are being sought by countries from the Latin American region. If the neoliberal approach was good as earlier expected then the Latin American countries would have achieved the desired development long ago. Instead, after decades of using the approach, negative effects such as political instability, social and economic problems have reared their ugly faces repeatedly. It is thus held that seeking alternatives to the neo-liberal approach is in the best interests of the Latin American countries. Reference List Cohen, J. N. (2007). The Impact of Neoliberalism, Political Institutions and Financial Autonomy on Economic Development, 1980–2003 Dissertation, Department of Sociology, Princeton University. Fischer, S. , Ratna, S. Carlos, A. (2002). Modern Hyper- and High Inflations Journal of Economic Literature: 837–880. Ong, A. (2006). Neoliberalism as Exception: Mutations in Citizenship and Sovereignty. Duke University Press. Sader, E. (2008). The Weakest Link? Neoliberalism in Latin America. New Left Review, 52.

Diabetes :: essays research papers

Diabetes (diabetes mellitus) Diabetes is a disease characterized by excessive urination. Diabetes mellitus is caused by insufficient insulin production or lack of responsiveness to insulin, resulting in hyperglycemia (high blood glucose levels). There are 2 primary types of diabetes mellitus, type I (insulin-dependent or juvenile-onset), which may be caused by an autoimmune response, and type II (non-insulin-dependent or adult-onset). Diabetes insipidus is typically due to hormonal dysregulation. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder caused by an absolute or relative deficiency of insulin, an anabolic hormone. Insulin is produced in the pancreas by the beta cells of the islets of Langerhans. Absence, destruction, or loss of these cells causes an absolute deficiency of insulin, leading to type 1 diabetes (insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus [IDDM]). Most children with diabetes have IDDM and a lifetime dependence on exogenous insulin. Type 2 diabetes (non–insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus [NIDDM]) is a heterogeneous disorder. Patients with NIDDM have insulin resistance, and their beta cells lack the ability to overcome this resistance. Although this form of diabetes previously was uncommon in children, 20% or more of new patients with diabetes in childhood and adolescence now have NIDDM, a change associated with increased rates of obesity.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Insulin is essential to process carbohydrate, fat, and protein. Insulin reduces blood glucose levels by allowing glucose to enter muscle cells and fat cells and by stimulating the conversion of glucose to glycogen as a carbohydrate store. Insulin also inhibits the release of stored glucose from liver glycogen and slows the breakdown of fat to triglycerides, free fatty acids, and ketones. Additionally, insulin slows the breakdown of protein for glucose production. Hyperglycemia results when insulin deficiency leads to uninhibited gluconeogenesis and prevents the use and storage of circulating glucose. The kidneys cannot reabsorb the excess glucose load, causing glycosuria, osmotic diuresis, thirst, and dehydration. Increased fat and protein breakdown leads to ketone production and weight loss. Without insulin, a child with IDDM wastes away and eventually dies from diabetic ketoacidosis. Information on mortality rates is difficult to ascertain without complete national registers of childhood diabetes, although age-specific mortality probably is double that of the general population. Particularly at risk are children aged 1-4 years who may die with DKA at the time of diagnosis. Adolescents also are a high-risk group. Most deaths result from delayed diagnosis or neglected treatment and subsequent cerebral edema during treatment for DKA, although untreated hypoglycemia also causes some deaths.

Information Technology and Health Care Essay

Overview of current and emerging information technology systems and devices that are commonly used by healthcare organizations The utilization of information technology systems and devices in all areas of the work place is expanding. With the advent of the microcomputer, computer use has spread to all areas of work including healthcare organizations. Computer systems in health care facilities today may encompass a network of microcomputers in the future. A primary use of computers in health care is for the documentation of the patient’s data. Today, computer programs that are designed to create patient records abound. These programs allow input of admission data, recording of nursing progress records, development of nursing care plans (both standardized and individualized), documentation of patient teaching completed, scheduling of patients, recording of dietary intake and documentation of medication orders and administration. Some programs are so complete that they have virtually replaced the standard patient chart. The advent of information technology springs from the idea that information superhighway is made available to all people from all walks of life.   All sorts of information are made accessible at the tip of one’s fingers and can be retrieved in a short period of time through the amazing Internet technology, computerized or electronically processed data system. What used to be data, like records or public documents, gathered for weeks or days can now be obtained in minutes or seconds. What used to be information for selected or privileged few intellectuals are now exposed to the public regardless of state, race, ethnical culture, sex or status, not to mention a few restricted information that are confined to certain age levels, or those that are sensitive to security and privacy (Winkler 1997). Potential risks and constraints associated with each of these technology systems 1. The Assessment Process The Assessment process in a healthcare system is highly confidential. All patients have the right to confidentiality. Patient care information such as diagnosis, prognosis and care plans should be kept secret to those not concerned with the patient’s condition. Only authorized individuals should have access to information about a patient.  Ã‚  Ã‚   Medical records must be kept in a secure place where only those authorized to have access can obtain the records. The patient has a right to access his or her own record, and only by obtaining the patient’s permission can records or information be released to others. Agencies are required by state, federal and accrediting rules to have policies by the nurse periodically followed. However, there are potential risks associated with these new technology systems especially in the assessment area. If a smart agent works with a patient in conducting on-line assessment through a wireless phone device, then a potential risk here would be the improper assessment due to a wrong registration of the patient’s voice even if coded repetitively (Dertouzos & Gerschenfeld as qtd in Skiba and Cohen 2003). In the same manner, a constraint here would involve extracting information from the encounter. It is important to remember that the transaction cannot be completed without at least some exchange of intelligence between the patient and another person. These digital systems that collect, analyze and respond to client condition can assess wrongly any information initially given. Even if they are rarely down or suboptimal, still, a patient’s life cannot be entrusted to a technology system no matter how smart it may be. The Assessment process still is an important stage in any healthcare system that needs personal analysis and evaluation. Thus, a foreseeable constraint here is the fact that people may not really use it readily since they would still prefer someone with whom they could talk to in a more relaxed manner.   Leaving the assessment part to any device is not that reliable because it can still malfunction and give a wrong assessment that can send a distressed patient in a more distressed state. The seamless voice recognition may capture the wrong data. Even if the human computer interface uses natural language structure, there is a possibility that the human computer will not know the underlying codification structure (Dertouzos & Gerschenfeld as qtd in Skiba and Cohen 2003). This is the probably constraint that may interfere with the successful implementation of each system. 2. Communications Technology Systems In the area of Communications, being primarily electronic and multidimensional will be a great leap in the future when one can easily communicate with health care professionals using both synchronous and asynchronous communication. (Skiba & Cohen, 2003). According to researches, there are more than 100 nations that are currently engaged in espionage against US companied. Distinctions between global and local are now slowly being eradicated. Company shifts industrial boundaries from the static to the dynamic. The result is global competition of a uniquely unpredictable nature. Enterprises that previously worked hand in hand in different areas may now find themselves at odds with each other, even spying on each other. Since millions of information is readily accessed nowadays, the possibility of disseminating mixed-up, false or misleading information is high. This can be dangerous when used and relied upon for legitimate purposes.   Moreover, some information and data need to be protected and if allowed for public consumption, the parties concerned have to ensure that the information must be updated, reliable and truthful before they are released to the public. The credibility and integrity are at stake at all times if their data are found to be scrupulous, unreliable, and erroneous. Similarly, data bank sources or data controllers must take possible measures to protect the personal data that they are held accountable in viewing such information for unlawful, harmful and questionable purposes (Skiba & Cohen, 2003). 3.   Monitoring process Future gadgets in monitoring for the healthcare system will be state-of –the-art such that smart devices will then be attached to one’s personal Bodynet. This is the term used for the personal network coordinating the devices and both transmit and receive information within the premises of the hospital. It can even be hooked up such that these monitoring devices can reach until the homes of these patients. There will be such a thing as ubiquitous monitoring such that lifestyle factors are monitored too. Even the amount of food in a refrigerator can be monitored making all behaviors and actions available for monitoring purposes. (Skiba & Cohen 2003). Since monitoring can extend beyond hospital walls, the likelihood of information being transferred from one data source to another is highly possible. Smart devices that automatically monitor a patient’s electronic record can provide wrong electronic records. A possible constraint here is the refusal of parties to avail of such devices since it can be restricting. Devices may be available but only the agreeable parties will readily avail of it. Besides, it can be prohibitive in price. The focal point of good risk management is the identification and treatment of these risks, an integral component of any organization’s strategic management. In a healthcare system set-up, the monitoring process can run awry if the devices used in attachments are improperly done. (Stoneburner, G. et al). IT security practitioners assigned to healthcare systems are responsible for proper implementation of security requirements in their IT systems especially in the monitoring process. As changes occur in the existing IT system environment, the IT security practitioners must support or use the risk management process to identify and assess new potential risks and implement new security controls as required to safeguard their IT systems. According to Pamela Matthews, conducting these efficient management researches for the results of patients test will prove to be very helpful in coming up with an effective and technologically advanced solutions that would be the answer to treatment. Conclusion In the final analysis, informatization streamlines troubleshooting of complex systems. Technology today is embedded in and around products in ways that facilitate a steady stream of information about medical transactions and the use to which products and services are put. It is essential that a balance be done on both technology and the health care system where most people prefer a more caring and personalized method. REFERENCES Dertouzos, M. (1998). What will be: How the new world of information will change our lives. New York: HarperEdge. (context link from Skiba & Cohen) Gerschenfeld, N. (2000). When things start to think. New York: Henry Holt & Co. (context link from Skiba & Cohen) Matthews, P. (2000). Leveraging Technology for Success. Journal of Healthcare Information Management Vol. 14 No. 2 . Retrieved Sept. 11, 2006 from http://www.himss.org/asp/ContentRedirector.asp?ContentID=749